Clinical Medicine II
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| show | protection from foreign substances, tumor surveillances, self recognition
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| What are tissue components to immune system | show 🗑
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| show | leukocytes, marcrophages, antigen presenting cells
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| Proteins involved in the immune system | show 🗑
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| show | humoral and cellular
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| Parts of humoral immunity | show 🗑
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| Types of celluar immunity | show 🗑
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| show | B,T or combined defects
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| Types of acquired immune def | show 🗑
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| 3 functions of the spleen | show 🗑
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| Do we need the spleen | show 🗑
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| show | spleen, mostly during the second trimester
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| How does the cell “kill” foreign cells as blood trickles through it | show 🗑
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| show | w/ removal of spleen, RBC have reminents of its nucleus that the spleen normally removes
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| What are Heinz bodies | show 🗑
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| show | 25% lymphoid mass, 50% total ab producing B cells-clear bacteria from circulation
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| What is the spleen especially good at | show 🗑
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| What type of organ is the spleen | show 🗑
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| What is a spleen enlarged | show 🗑
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| show | liver dz, hematolgic malignancy, infx, congestion/inflammation, 1 splenic dz
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| Causes massive splenomegaly | show 🗑
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| Indications for splenectomy | show 🗑
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| Can we biopsy the spleen | show 🗑
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| Consequences of splenectomy | show 🗑
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| Nuclear remnants in RBC | show 🗑
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| show | splenectomy sepsis w/I 3 years of splenectomy ~5% lifetime risk
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| What is PSS commonly caused by | show 🗑
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| How do we prevent PSS | show 🗑
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| Who do we prophalactically treat to prevent PSS | show 🗑
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| When do we give empiric abx | show 🗑
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| 5 types of WBCs | show 🗑
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| Polymorphoncuclear cells (PMNs) | show 🗑
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| Fxns of Neutrophils | show 🗑
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| show | bacterial infx, physiologic stress, corticosteroids
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| What ↓ neutrophil count | show 🗑
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| When do we compaire ↑ vs ↓ neutrophil count | show 🗑
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| ANC, levels that create risk | show 🗑
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| show | lymphocytes: B, T and NK cells 20-45% all white cells
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| What are signs for most viral infections | show 🗑
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| show | circulating in blood and in lymphoid tissue: lymph nodes, spleen
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| show | D: in bone marrow, M: in llymphoid tissues
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| Functions of B lymphocytes | show 🗑
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| show | T lymphocytes, Helper T (CD4) Cytotoxic suppressor (CD8) 60-85%
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| show | regulators of immune sys, influence production of abs by B cells
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| Fxn of cytotoxic suppressor T cesll | show 🗑
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| show | large lymphocytes w/ small number of granules important in preventing growth and spread of tumors
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| show | chronic infx: TB, lymphomas, granulomatous dz like sarcoid
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| show | phagocytize and kill microorganisms
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| show | secrete cytokines that induce fever and inflammation
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| show | invasive parasitic dz, chronic inflammatory skin d/o, hypersensitivity states (allergies, vasculitis), certain malignancies (Hodgkins lymphoma)
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| show | chronic infiltatrion can cause organ damage by release of granular contents
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| show | in allergic d/o’s and myeloproliferative dz (CML, Polycythemia vera)
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| What do basophils differentiate into | show 🗑
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| show | IgE causes histamine release
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| Causes for leukopenia and leukocytosis | show 🗑
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| When would we call a hematologist or just recheck it | show 🗑
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| show | viral infx (usually ↓ neutorphils)
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| What is leukemia | show 🗑
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| What are the two types of leukemia | show 🗑
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| Initial presentation of non | show 🗑
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| Abno CBC examples | show 🗑
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| Leukemia classifications | show 🗑
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| Excess proliferation of a nl WBC | show 🗑
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| show | Acute leukemia, can’t make nl RBCs death fast
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| show | ALL CLL AML CML MC is CLL hight dealths AML
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| MC types is young kids, and Old ppl | show 🗑
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| How to tell b/w acute and chronic | show 🗑
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| Tx for leukemia | show 🗑
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| 3 phases of Acute leukemia | show 🗑
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| show | ALL
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| Not curable ~10% in adults need bone marrow trx cure | show 🗑
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| Seen rarely in kids, mostly young/middle aged adults, tx | show 🗑
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| What is Gleevec | show 🗑
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| Common lymph nodes you can feel and nl size | show 🗑
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| Soft, tender mobile lymph node | show 🗑
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| Firm, rubbery, mobile lymph node | show 🗑
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| Hard, fixed, non-tender | show 🗑
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| Cancer of the lymphoid tissues | show 🗑
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| Which is more common HL or NHL | show 🗑
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| Dx of lymphoma | show 🗑
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| Nodes on both sides of diaphragm | show 🗑
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| show | stage I
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| Marrow or other extranodal site | show 🗑
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| >1node gropu, same side of diaphragm | show 🗑
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| show | B + for fever, night, sweats, wt loss
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| CT scans for internal lymph nodes | show 🗑
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| show | chemo, radioation, stem cell tx
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| Excess production of gamma globulin protein by a single clone of B cells/plasma cells | show 🗑
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| show | monoclonal gammopathy of underteerminded significance
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| Why is MGUS so important! | show 🗑
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| How dx MGUS | show 🗑
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| Malignant proliferation of plasma cells | show 🗑
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| Where is MM seen more often | show 🗑
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| What are clinical manifestations of MM | show 🗑
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| Major criteria for MM | show 🗑
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| show | 10-29% plasma cells, smaller M-smike, lytic bone lesions, ↓ immunoglobulin levels
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| show | 1 major + 1 minor or 3 minor
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| Tx MM | show 🗑
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Created by:
becker15
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