chapter 4 tissue
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show | Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters.
Skin surface (epidermis)
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show | Supports, protects, binds other tissues together
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show | Contracts to cause movement
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Nervous | show 🗑
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Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue | show 🗑
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Apical surface (epithelial) | show 🗑
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show | surface binds directly to other cells through desmosomes, tight junctions, or gap junctions
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basal surface (epithelial) | show 🗑
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show | 1. Cells are tightly packed and attached by cell junctions (tight junctions and desmosomes)
2 Epithelial tissue is avascular (lacks circulatory system)
3 Is supported by connective tissue reticular lamina (under basal lamina)
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show | 4 Nerves only send projections into tissue
5 Covers the surfaces of the body (internal and external)
6 Has a high rate of regeneration
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show | Keep substances from passing between cells
Line Simple Epithelia
Columnar Epithelia in the Intestine
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Gap Junctions | show 🗑
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show | Mechanical protein links which bind cells together in tissues subject to considerable stretching
Found in skin, heart, muscle, and uterus
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show | Mechanical protein links which bind cells to the basement membrane in most tissue
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Adherance Junctions | show 🗑
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show | The cells are much wider
than they are tall.
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show | The cells are much taller than they are wide
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Cuboidal | show 🗑
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show | Location:-Lung Alveoli(endothelium)(gas exchange)-Blood/lymphatic (endothelium)
vessels-Heart (endothelium)-Serous membranes in ventral body cavity (mesothelium)
Function:Allows diffusion and filtration of material where protection is not important
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show | Location:Tubules of kidneys,Pancreas,Thyroid,
Small glands,Ovary
Function:Secretion,Absorption
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Simple Columnar Epithelial Cells | show 🗑
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Stratified Squamous Epithelial Cells | show 🗑
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Cells | show 🗑
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Transitional Epithelial Cells | show 🗑
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show | A gland is one or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid
Classified by:Site of product release—endocrine or exocrine
-Relative number of cells forming the gland; unicellular (goblet cells) or multicellular
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show | Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands
Unicellular exocrine glands
Multicellular exocrine glands
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show | Ductless glands
Secrete hormones that travel through lymph or blood to target organs
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show | More numerous than endocrine glands
Secrete products into ducts
Secretions released onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities
Examples include mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands
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Types of Exocrine Glands | show 🗑
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show | Merocrine-Products are secreted by exocytosis(pancreas,sweat and salivary glands)
Holocrine-Products are secreted by rupture of gland cells(sebaceous glands)
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show | Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue,Loose (Reticular) Connective Tissue,Adipose Tissue,Dense Connective Tissue(Regular
Irregular),Cartilage,Bone,Blood
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Connective Tissue Functions and Locations | show 🗑
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Embryonic (connective tissue) | show 🗑
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show | -Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper
-Chondroblasts and chondrocytes in cartilage
-Osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone
(blast-builds something)
(cytes-maintain surrounding tissue)
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Protein Fibers of the Matrix (Connective Tissue) | show 🗑
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Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue | show 🗑
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show | Found in lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow)
Supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages.
Fibers in a loose ground substance.
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show | Dense Collagenous Tissue (regular/irregular)
-Found in Tendons
Dense Elastic Tissue (regular)
-Found in Blood Vessel Walls
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Adipose tissue | show 🗑
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show | Irregularly arranged collagen fibers.
Function
Can withstand tension in many different directions.Provides structural strength.
Location:Dermis of the skin,Fibrous capsules of organs and joints,Submucosa of digestive tract.
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show | -Fibroblasts secrete collagen, all fibers parallel
-Found in Tendons, Ligaments, Dermis of the Skin
-High proportion of Collagen fibers
-Withstands great stress in one direction
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show | -Fibroblasts secrete collagen, all fibers parallel
-Vocal cords, Blood Vessel Walls, Bronchial tubes
-High proportion of Elastic fibers
-Allows recoil of tissue following stretching
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show | -Composed of Cells Called Chondrocytes.
-Chondrocytes secrete dense, evenly dispersed collagen fibers.
-Chondrocytes sit in spaces called Lacunae
-Provides Flexibility, Strength, and Support
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Hyalin Cartilage (most abundant) | show 🗑
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Elastic Cartilage | show 🗑
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Fibrocartilage | show 🗑
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show | -Hard, calcified matrix, with a lot of collagen fibers
-Osteocytes lie in lacunae
Function:Support/protection
-Stores calcium, minerals, and fat
-Blood cell formation
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Blood (connective tissue) | show 🗑
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show | -Neurons are branching cells
-Function:Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors
-Transmit electrical signals to effectors (muscles and glands)
-Location:Brain,Spinal cord,Nerves
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Skeletal muscle (muscle tissue) | show 🗑
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show | Striated, intercalated disks, single nucleolus in each cell,involuntary
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Smooth muscle (muscle tissue) | show 🗑
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