ChiroBoards2: Theories and Famous People
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| First to use short lever adjusting (spinous and TP) | DD Palmer
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| "Tone" is foundation of Chiropractic - said by | DD Palmer
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| Nerve Conduction Theory | Subluxation is caused by chemical, mechanical, physical, and also talked about INNATE
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| Invented Nerve Conduction Theory | DD Palmer
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| Coined term, "innate from Christianity" | DD Palmer
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| learned Chiropractic from Eastern European Bone Setters | DD Palmer
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| "Cord Compression Theory" Inventor | BJ Palmer
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| Meric Chart creator | BJ Palmer
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| Inventor of Neurocalometer | BJ Palmer
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| Created Pelvic Distorsion Model | Carver
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| Inventor of flexion/distraction | Cox/McManus
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| Flexion/Distraction is used for: (5) | lumbar disc protrusion, spondy, facet syndrome, subluxation, scoliosis
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| Fixation theory of joint hypomobility | Gillet/Faye
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| Upper Cervical Specific; dentate ligament | Grostic
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| Father of Homeopathy | Hahnemann
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| First to manipulate | Hippocrates
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| Discovered and tested SI ligament / Joint hypermobility | Illi
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| Invented "3 phase model of Instability" | Kirkaldy/Willis
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| 3 phase model of Instability | Dysfunction, Unstable, Stabilization
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| Invented "Segmental Facilitation Theory" | Korr
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| Segmental Facilitation Theory | Subluxation creates a "hyperactive" nervous system
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| Wrote first chiro textbook in 1906 | Langworthy
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| Incorporated motion instead of "bone out of place" idea | Langworthy
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| Revised Faye's concept of VSC | Lantz
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| Believed the sacrum was the keystone to the spine | Logan
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| Panjabi and White | Biomechanics of the spine
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| Created idea of "General Adaptation Syndrome" | Selye
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| General Adaptation Syndrome | Under optimum conditions the body can respond to stressors
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| 33 principles and "safety pin" idea man | Stephenson
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| Founder of Osteopathy | Andrew Taylor Still
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| Named Chiropractic | Samuel Weed
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| Components of the 5 Component Model of VSC | Neuropathophysiology, Kinesiopathogysiology, Myopathy, Histopathology, Pathophysiology
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| Neuropathophysiology: 3 forms of nerve tissue dysfunction | 1. Irritation of anterior horn causing hypertonicity/spasm
2. Compression
3. Decreased Axoplasmic transport
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| Acute irritation of posterior horn causes | hyperesthesia
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| Chronic compression of posterior horn causes | anesthesia
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| Acute irritation of anterior horn causes | hypertonicity/spasm
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| Chronic compression of anterior horn causes | atonia/flaccidity
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| Acute irritation of lateral horn causes | sympatheticotonia
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| Chronic compression of lateral horn causes | sympathetic atonia
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| Myopathy: acute vs. chronic | acute = spasm; chronic = atrophy
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| Histopathology | Cellular damage causing INFLAMMATION
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| Pathophysiology | End result of the VSC; DIS-EASE
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| Al reflex arcs must include the ___________ | spinal cord
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| Reflexes are named by _____________ | "cause and effect"
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| somatic: refers to | skin, bone, muscle, nerve
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| Visceral: refers to | organ, blood, lymph
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| Psycho: refers to | thinking about something
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| Gate Theory of Pain Control: what location of cord? | Lamina II: Substantia Gelatinosa
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| Fiber Type that blunts C-fiber activation | Type A afferents
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| Pain fibers terminate at the _________ of the spinal cord | dorsal horn
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| which arteries provide major blood supply to the brainstem | vertebral arteries
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| Vascular Insufficiency Model | Verebrobasilar arterial insufficiency (VBAI) caused by vertebral arterial compression caused by subluxation
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| Vascular Insufficiency Model: Symptoms | diarrhea, vomiting, ataxia, diploplia, dizziness, visual issues
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| M/c location for compression of the vertebral arteries: | over the posterior arch of C1
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| ROM's of C1 and C2, causing MOST compression on the Vertebral Arteries? | rotation and extension
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| Nerve Compression Theory: Results of spinal nerve root compression? | decrements in the compound action potential (decrease nerve fiber function) as well as numbness or paralysis.
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| Why are nerve roots (endoneurium) more predisposed to irritation than peripheral nerves? | They dont have epineurium or perineurium protective connective tissue layers
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| Nerve Compression Theory: what percent of subluxations exhibit these characteristics? | 2-5%
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| Anterograde vs. Retrograde: speed and which is more common? | Anterograde = faster and more common
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| Axonal Aberration-Trophic Model: End resulting type of degeneration? | Wallerian Degeneration
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| Cord Compression Theory: Inventor | BJ Palmer (explains HIO technique)
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| Flaw with Cord Compression Theory | The described cord compression can only occur with things such as extreme trauma, tumors, or other masses.
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| Facilitation Hypothesis: aka's (4 listed) | Fixation Theory; Segmental Facilitation; Proprioceptive Insult; Gamma Motor gain (Increased SNS firing)
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| Facilitation Hypothesis: Definition | lowered threshold for firing in a spinal cord segment as a result of afferent bombardment associated with spinal lesions.
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| Facilitation Hypothesis: Creator | Korr
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| What did Korr believe to be the focused organ responsible for segmental dysfunction resulting in "sustained hyperactivity"? | muscle spindle activity
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| proprioceptive insult | constant bombardment of nocicpetion lowers the threshold for firing in this segment
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| Facilitation definition | continueous firing of nociception makes it easier to get to the brain
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| Neurodystrophic Hypothesis: aka | Neuroimmunomodulation
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| Neurodystrophic Hypothesis | Neuro dysfunction stresses viscera, lowering tissue resistance, and modifying the immune responses
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| Who stated that exposure to stress can cause "diseases of adaptation"? | Selye
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| Stages of Adaptation (4) | Alarm, Resist, Adapt, Exhaust
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| Responses to stress is coordinated by a ____________ mechanism | neuroendocrine
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| Axoplasmic abberation (AXT): which theory? | Nerve Compression (DD Palmer)
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| Original "Bone out of place" : which theory? | Nerve Compression theory
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| Decreased nerve transmission, "action potentials": which theory? | Nerve Compression theory
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| Increased SNS/ Decreased PSN (acute): which theory? | Nerve Compression theory
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| HIO technique: which theory? | Cord Compression (BJ Palmer) theory
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| Upper Cervical compromise: which theory? | Cord Compression theory
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| Secondary to neural compression: which theory? | axoplasmic abberation theory
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| Protein/Macromolecule transport: which theory? | axoplasmic abberation theory
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| Anterograde/Retrograde: which theory? | axoplasmic abberation theory
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| Hypomobility of motor unit: which theory? | Fixation theory
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| Fixation theory aka | Segmental dysfunction
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| Hypermobility above and below a fixed segment, causing excess input into the posterior horn, firing up the lateral horn, thus causing sympathecotonia: Which theory? | Fixation theory
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| Muscle spindle/GTO involvement: which theory? | Fixation theory
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| Immune stuff: which theory? | Neurodystrophic theory
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| Neurodystrophic theory aka | Neuroimmunomodulation theory
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| Stress induces altered neuroendocrine function: Which theory? | Neurodystrophic theory
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| Hans Selye's work on stress: which theory applies to? | Neurodystrophic theory
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| SNS and PNS balance: which theory? | Somatoautonomic reflex theory
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| Central modulation/Peripheral modulation: which theory? | Somatoautonomic reflex theory
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| "Mechanoreceptor Funk": which theory? | Proprioceptive Insult theory
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| Biochemical abberation----> sensory flood : which theory | Proprioceptive Insult theory
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| Dentate ligament: which theory? | Dural Torque theory
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| Concept of meningeal torsion (rotational stress) : which theory? | Dural Torque theory
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| S/S -> ataxia, diploplia, dizziness, diarrhea, dysphagia, falling to side, nausea, vomiting, nystagmus, etc. :which theory? | Vertebral Basilar Artery Insufficiency
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| Symptoms apparent with rotation and extension of the head; never give second adjustment! : which theory? | Vertebral Basilar Artery Insufficiency
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