MLT Lipids and Lipoprotein
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| What is Dyslipidemia? | A disease associated with abnormal lipid concentrations
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| Lipids (Fats) are Hydrophobic, what does this mean | they have little or ability to combine or dissolve in water
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| name the 5 classes of lipids | Fatty acids, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Phospholipids,and Sphingolipids
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| Name the properties of Saturated Fatty Acids | 1. Single C-C bonds, 2.High melting point 3. Solid at room temperature
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| Name the properties of Unsaturated Fatty Acids | 1. one or more double C=C bonds 2. Liquid at room temperature 3. Low melting points
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| What do Triglycerides do for the body | Allow for compact energy storage, Provides insulation to vital organs in form of fat deposits in adipose tissue
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| How are Triglycerides transported | by chylomicrons and VLDL
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| What is cholesterol? | A soft, waxy substance found among the fats in the bloodstream and in the cells of the body
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| Cholesterol is the precursor to what | synthesis of the steroid hormones and Vitamin D
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| What are Sphingolipids made of? | Complex lipids containing ceramide in conjustion with sugars, phosphorous containing compounds.
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| What are Lipoproteins made of? | Cluster of proteins and lipids all tangled up together
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| What carries lipids, including cholesterol, around in our blood | Lipoproteins
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| when spaeking about Chylomicrons what does 6 hours represent | time from the formation of chlomicrons after a meal to its removal by the liver
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| What is the major carrier of exogenous triglycerides | Chylomicrons
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| Name the major carrier of Endogenous triglycerides | VLDL
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| What does VLDL stand for | Very Low Density Lipoproteins
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| What does LDL stand for | Low Density Lipoprteins
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| When VLDL is deposited in perpheral tissue becomes what | LDL
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| VLDL contains less triglycerdies but more what | cholesterol
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| LDL contains what | little triglycerides and a large amount of cholesterol
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| What lipoprotein is directly proportional to the risk of cardiovascualr disease | LDL; "bad cholesterol"
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| Smallest lipoproteins are? | High density lipoproteins (HDL)
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| Where does HDL (good cholesterol)transport excess cholesterol from the tissue and vessels walls to? | It transports it to the liver to be remove from blood and discarded
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| what is inversely proportionate to the risk of cardiovasucalr disease | Amount of cholesterol
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| name the 4 major pathways of Lipid metabolism | 1. Absorption 2. Endogenous 3. Exogenous 4. Reverse Cholesterol transport
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| To simplify Triglycerides you need what | Bile Salts & Lipase
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| Name the Lipid Disorders (Metabolic problems) | 1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Tissue 4. Vital Organs
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| Arteriosclesrosis is a generic term for what | several disease in which the arterial wall becomes thick and loses elsticity
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| What class of Lipids are amphipathic? | Phospholipids; they contain both polar hydrophilic group and hydrophobic fatty side chain
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| Which two class of lipids helps form the cell membrane? | Cholesterol and Phospholipids
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| What is an emulsifying agent? | Agent that is soluble in both water and oil
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| What is an example of an emulsifying agent? | Lecithin- Used to emulsify the lipids and hold them in water as an emulsion
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| Where does LDL carry Cholesterol? | It carries cholesterol in the blood and deposits it in body tissues and in the walls of blood vessels
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| In the Exogenous pathway, where are excess fatty acids deopsited? | They are deposited in the adipose tissue for future use
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| What is the single leading cause of death and disability? | Atherosclerosis
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| What is Atherosclerosis? | Hardening of the arteries due to plaque build-up
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| What are Xanthomas? | Nodules in the skin formed by lipid deposits; genetic in nature
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| What are Hormonal defect? | Disorders or disease states that affect lipid metabolism (Diabetes- pancreatic hormones; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism- T3, T4; Obesity)
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| What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)? | narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart
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| What is the methodology for Triglyceride testing? | Enzymatic / Kinetic
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| Wha tis the normal range for triglyceride testing? | 10 - 190 mg/dl
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| What is the methodology for Cholesterol tesitng? | Colorimetric
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| What are the reference ranges for Cholesterol tesitng? | Desirable- 140-200 mg/dl; Moderate risk- 201-239 mg/dl; High risk >240 mg/dl
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| During Lipoprotein testing How far does the chylomicrons migrate? | They do not migrate
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| How do you run a QC for Lipoprotein testing? | run a control which contains a distinct alpha and beta bnads, with a faint pre-beta band
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| What is the reference ranges for HDL? | Males 29-60 mg/dl; Females 38-75
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| What is the formula to determine VLDL? | Trig / 5
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| What is the formula to determine LDL? | total chol - ( HDL + VLDL)
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| When would you manually delete LDL results and add "invalid result due to interferring substance" | When the Truglyceride levels is > 400
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