Circulatory System
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| Q: What is the function of the circulatory system? | show 🗑
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| show | A: The blood circulatory system and the lymphatic circulatory system.
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| show | A: The heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.
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| show | A: Arteries.
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| Q: What carries blood toward the heart? | show 🗑
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| show | A: There are four chambers in the heart; right & left atrium and right & left ventricle.
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| show | A: The ventricles have thicker walls.
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| show | A: From the systemic circulation.
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| Q: Where does the left atria receive its blood from? | show 🗑
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| Q: The right ventricle supplies blood to where? | show 🗑
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| Q: The left ventricle supplies blood to where? | show 🗑
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| Q: Where does the right ventricle receive its blood from? | show 🗑
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| Q: Where does the left ventricle receive its blood from? | show 🗑
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| show | A: They maintain unidirectional flow of blood through the heart.
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| Q: What type of valve(s) separate atria from ventricles? | show 🗑
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| show | A: The pulmonic valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk.
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| show | A: The aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the ascending aorta.
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| show | A: Left AV, bicuspid: Right AV, tricuspid.
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| Q: The blood circulatory system has two circulations. What are they? | show 🗑
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| Q: Which circulation is responsible for sending deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs? | show 🗑
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| Q: Which circulation is responsible for sending oxygenated blood to all tissues? | show 🗑
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| Q: Which side of the heart would you find the pulmonary circulation? | show 🗑
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| show | A: The left side.
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| show | A: The left atrioventricular (AV) valve, bicuspid valve, or mitral valve.
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| Q: The valve separating the right atria from the right ventricle in known as: | show 🗑
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| show | A: The cardiac skeleton (the central region of the heart surrounding the valves) is made up of dense irregular CT and provides support for valves & the great vessels and anchors cardiac muscle.
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| show | A: Annuli fibrosae (surrounds valves), trigona fibrosae (triangular mass between annuli), septum membranaceum (part of interventricular septum).
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| show | A: Endocardium (inner layer), myocardium (middle layer), epicardium (outer layer).
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| show | A: The endocardium is the inner layer of the wall of the heart. It is lined with endothelium. It has a subendothelium made up of loose CT and a subendocardial layer made up of CT, nerves, and Purkinje fibers.
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| Q: Describe the myocardium. | show 🗑
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| show | A: The epicardium is the outermost layer of the wall of the heart. It makes up the serous, or visceral, layer of the pericardium. It is lined with mesothelium and contains loose CT with veins, nerves, autonomic ganglia, as well as adipose tissue.
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| show | A: The SA node.
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| show | A: You would find the SA node in the wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava.
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| Q: What is the SA node? | show 🗑
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| Q: Walk through the conduction pathway of the heart starting at the SA node. | show 🗑
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| Q: Where would yu find the atrioventricular node? | show 🗑
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| Q: What do you find in the interventricular bundle of His? | show 🗑
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| show | A: Purkinje cells.
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| Q: Where is the contraction of the heart initiated? | show 🗑
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| show | A: Tunica intima (inner), tunica media (middle), tunica adventitia (outer).
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| show | A: The tunica intima has an internal lining of endothelium, subendothelial CT, and an internal elastic lamina (in arteries).
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| Q: What makes up the tunica media? | show 🗑
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| Q: What makes up the tunica adventitia? | show 🗑
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| show | A: Vasa vasorum translates to vessel of the vessels. They are the blood vessels that supply blood to larger vessels.
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| Q: Where would you find vasa vasorum? | show 🗑
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| Q: Are vasa vasorum more common in arteries or veins? | show 🗑
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| Q: What is the function of vasa vasorum? | show 🗑
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| Q: How are capillaries held together? | show 🗑
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| show | A: True.
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| show | A: A pericyte is a mesenchymal-like cell found outside the endothelial layer of capillaries and post-capillary venules. After tissue injury they can proliferate and differentiate to rebuild vessels.
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| show | A: Continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal.
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| Q: Where would you find continuous capillaries? | show 🗑
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| show | A: In continuous capillaries.
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| show | A: Finestrated capillaries have finestrae or pores. These finestrae allow rapid exchange.
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| Q: Where would you find fenestrated capillaries? | show 🗑
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| Q: Describe the composition of fenestrated capillaries. | show 🗑
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| Q: Where would you find sinusoidal capillaries? | show 🗑
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| Q: What would you find hanging out in sinusoidal capillaries? | show 🗑
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| show | A: A sinusoidal capillary.
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| show | A: Arteries.
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| Q: True or false; large arteries are also called elastic arteries or conducting arteries. | show 🗑
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| show | A: Elastic arteries have a thick tunica intima, a thick tunica media (fenestrated elastic lamina and many layers of smooth muscle), and a reletively thin tunica adventitia.
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| show | A: Medium arteries are also known as distributing arteries or muscular arteries.
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| Q: Describe medium arteries. | show 🗑
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| Q: Small arteries and arteroles have a similar composition. Describe them. | show 🗑
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| show | A: Lower.
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| Q: True or false? Veins have endothelial covered valves to ensure one-way flow. | show 🗑
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| show | A: You have venules, small veins, medium veins, and large veins.
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| Q: Describe post-capillary venules. | show 🗑
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| show | A: Small veins, like medium veins, have a thin tunica media, a well developed tunica adventitia, and valves.
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| show | A: Medium veins, like small veins, have a thin tunica media, a well developed tunica adventitia, and valves.
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| show | A: Large veins have a well developed tunica intima, a thin tunica media, and a thick tunica adventitia. Veins inferior to the heart contain longitudinally arranged bundles of smooth muscle.
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