MLT Micro 1
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| Catalase test | test for enzyme production that bacteria have. the H202 will for H20 alone. Differentiation between staph and strep
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| Coagulase test | Rabbit Plasma with bug cause clot formation. Slide test: S aureus,ludgunenis,schleiferi S. intermedeus and S schleiferi can also cause postitive reactions. But mostly used to screen for S. aureus
Note: some staph can develop staphylokinase: cause False
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| Pyr Test | Detects the EZ L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase. Colony placed on felt paper enhanced with PYR and Positive is indicated by Red.
DMACA p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
S. pyogenes and Enterococcus sp.
Also Differentiate btween. S. aureus and S. Ludgenensis
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| Bile Solubility Test | Colonies of S. pneumoniae are soluble in sodium deoxychelate.
In bile @37C colonies autolyse within 30 min and disappear.
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| Hippurate Hydrolysis | Detects hippuricase enz. Hydrolyzes hippurate to glycine and benzoic acid. Helps Diff
between other strep except Group B (+) for H/H and C. Jejuni from other campylobacter
POS= PURPLE after addition of ninhydrin
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| Oxidase Test | Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride detects cytochrome oxidase in electron transport system causeing a Purple Reaction in 15-30 MIN.
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| Indole Test | Detects tryptophanase tryptophan producing bugs. Spot indole DMACA= BLUE
Erlrich=RED
Kovacs= Bright pink
Erlrich more sensitive but requires extraction by xylene
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| urease test | urease breaks down urea to NH3. colony added to urea agar or slant and if + BRIGHT PINK.
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| TSI "triple sugar agar" | shows patter of glucose, lactose, sucrose fermentationin addtion to H2S and Gas
Phenol red to indicate Acid(yellow) Alkaline(red)
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| K/K | Nonfermenter
not Enterobacteriaceae
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| K/A | Nonlactose and Nonsucrose Fermenter,
GLUCOSE Fermenter
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| A/A | Lactose, Sucrose, Glucose
Fermenter
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| Black H2S Gas | Detects enzymes that produce Hydrogen Sulfide
H2S reacts with Iron Saltsin medium to form black precipitate of Ferrous Sulfide
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| IMViC(Indole,Methyl Red, Vogues Proskauer, and citrate) | Indole: Tryptophanase detection
Methyl Red: PH indicator , Yellow (ACID and GLucose) Red is Negative
VP: DX. of GLU->acetoin (RED) = POS
citrate: Test to see if carbon is the sole carbon source. (BLUE)is +
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| ONPG(o-nitrophenol-B-D-galactopyranoside) | To detect the precence of B-galactosidase, an enzyme that Cleaves ONPG and LACTOSE. Also used to test late lactose fermenters.
(YELLOW) + reaction
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| Nitrate Reduction Test | Positive test dx. ability of an organism to reduce nitrate to nitrite or N03 to N02.After addition of NN-D-a-namine..pink is Positive. If no color, Add ZINC...turns pink its true NEG. Stays Yellow or NO Change is a TRUE Positive indicating N03 reduced
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| Staph Aureus | Catalase Positive, Coag Positive, Bet-hemo, GPC Clusters, TSST-1 enterotoxin. Latex agglutination+ for protein A. PYR NEG. MSA 7.6% POS.
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| Coag Neg Staphylococcus | S. saprophyticus- UTIs and NOVOBIACIN RESISTANT
S. Lugdenensis-PYR POS, Ferments Mannitol, Cause Endocarditis
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| Micrococcus | Normal flora of skin and mucouse, Cause infection in immunosuppressed. YELLOW on SBA
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| S. Pyogenes | Catalase NEG, GPC chains and pairs, Strep Throat, post strep glomerulonephritis, necrotizing fascitis, and rheumatic fever
Susceptable to A disc(bacitracin) small big beta-hemo, M- protein inhibits phago properties and antibodies.
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| hyaluronic capsule- protect from phago streptokinase- dissolve clots Streptolysin O,S- lyse rbcs, plateles and polys. | S. pyogenes
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| MAC mackonkey agar | Lac+ colonies PINK
Lac- colonies COLORLESS
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| EMB agar Eosin-methylene blue | Lac Fermenters: DARK CENTER
Lac NONfermenters: COLORLESS
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| HE agar Hektoen enteric | LAC/SUCR Fermenters: YELLOW/SALMON ORANGE
Salmonella: Green and BlACK CENTER "H2S POS"
Shigella: GREEN
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| XLD agar Xylose-Lysine-desoxycholate | LAC/SUCR fermenters: YELLOW
Salmonella: RED with BLACK CENTER "H2S POS"
Shigella: CLEAR
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| Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar | Lac Fermenters: RED Colonies
Salmonella: Colorless and BLACK CENTER
Shigella: Colorless
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| Bismuthe sulfite agar | Salmonell TYPHI: Black Colonies
Lactose Fermenting colonies: Yellow-Orange
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| Brilliant Green agar | Proteus/Salmonella: red-pink colonies
Shigella/Lac fermenters: NO Growth
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| Beta Lactams | Action: Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis
Use: Methicillin for penicillin res-staph
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| Glycopeptides | Action: Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis
Use: Clostridium difficile and for MRSA
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| Aminoglycosides | Action: Inhibit Protein Synthesis.
Acts on 30S subunit
Use: With Penicillin for Enterococcus
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| tetracyclines | Action: Inhibit Protein Synthesis
Acts on 30S subunit
Drugs: Tetracyline
Doxycycline
Note: can cause superinfection of Yeast and can effect bone and teeth in children
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| Chloramphenicol | Action: Inhibit Protein Synthesis
Acts on 50S subunit
Can cause Aplastic Anemia
Use:
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| Macrolides | Action: Inhibit Protein Synthesis
Acts on 50S subunit
Clindamycin use for GP+ and GP- ANAEROBES
Use:
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| Quinolines | Action: Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Use: Psuedomonas and other aerobes
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| Sulfa Drugs (Sulfonomides) | Action: Intermediate of Folic Acid synthesis
Use: UTI, used with trimethropin
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| Zones on agar TOO LARGE | Inoculum too HEAVY,poor nutrition in medium
Agar depth TOO THIN
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| Zones on agar TOO SMALL | Inoculum too HEAVY
Agar depth TOO THICK
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| Kirby Bauer Method | Mueller Hinton Agar
Depth: 4mm
Physio conc.: CA++ and Mg++
PH:7.2-7.4 35C, Ambient air, 0.5 McFarland
QC: E.Coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus
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| BAP | Purpose: Most fastidius bacteria, Determines hemolytic reactoins
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| Chocolate | Purpose: Haemophilus and Neisseria sp; Enriched with Hemoglobin or Isovivlex
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| Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar "PEA" | Purpose: G+ Cocci; G- Anaerobic Bacilli
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| Columbia Colistin Nalidixic Agar | Purpose: Selects G+ Cocci
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| Martin Thayer Martin Agar "MTM" | Purpose: Sterile sites, Back up for Anaerobes
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| Campy-blood agar | Purpose: campylobacter
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| Thioglycolate Broth | Purpose: Mycobacterium spp
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| Lowenjensen Agar | Purpose: Mycobacterium spp
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| Middlebrook 7H10 Agar | Purpose: Mycobacterium spp
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