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MLT Micro 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Catalase test | test for enzyme production that bacteria have. the H202 will for H20 alone. Differentiation between staph and strep |
| Coagulase test | Rabbit Plasma with bug cause clot formation. Slide test: S aureus,ludgunenis,schleiferi S. intermedeus and S schleiferi can also cause postitive reactions. But mostly used to screen for S. aureus Note: some staph can develop staphylokinase: cause False |
| Pyr Test | Detects the EZ L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase. Colony placed on felt paper enhanced with PYR and Positive is indicated by Red. DMACA p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde S. pyogenes and Enterococcus sp. Also Differentiate btween. S. aureus and S. Ludgenensis |
| Bile Solubility Test | Colonies of S. pneumoniae are soluble in sodium deoxychelate. In bile @37C colonies autolyse within 30 min and disappear. |
| Hippurate Hydrolysis | Detects hippuricase enz. Hydrolyzes hippurate to glycine and benzoic acid. Helps Diff between other strep except Group B (+) for H/H and C. Jejuni from other campylobacter POS= PURPLE after addition of ninhydrin |
| Oxidase Test | Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride detects cytochrome oxidase in electron transport system causeing a Purple Reaction in 15-30 MIN. |
| Indole Test | Detects tryptophanase tryptophan producing bugs. Spot indole DMACA= BLUE Erlrich=RED Kovacs= Bright pink Erlrich more sensitive but requires extraction by xylene |
| urease test | urease breaks down urea to NH3. colony added to urea agar or slant and if + BRIGHT PINK. |
| TSI "triple sugar agar" | shows patter of glucose, lactose, sucrose fermentationin addtion to H2S and Gas Phenol red to indicate Acid(yellow) Alkaline(red) |
| K/K | Nonfermenter not Enterobacteriaceae |
| K/A | Nonlactose and Nonsucrose Fermenter, GLUCOSE Fermenter |
| A/A | Lactose, Sucrose, Glucose Fermenter |
| Black H2S Gas | Detects enzymes that produce Hydrogen Sulfide H2S reacts with Iron Saltsin medium to form black precipitate of Ferrous Sulfide |
| IMViC(Indole,Methyl Red, Vogues Proskauer, and citrate) | Indole: Tryptophanase detection Methyl Red: PH indicator , Yellow (ACID and GLucose) Red is Negative VP: DX. of GLU->acetoin (RED) = POS citrate: Test to see if carbon is the sole carbon source. (BLUE)is + |
| ONPG(o-nitrophenol-B-D-galactopyranoside) | To detect the precence of B-galactosidase, an enzyme that Cleaves ONPG and LACTOSE. Also used to test late lactose fermenters. (YELLOW) + reaction |
| Nitrate Reduction Test | Positive test dx. ability of an organism to reduce nitrate to nitrite or N03 to N02.After addition of NN-D-a-namine..pink is Positive. If no color, Add ZINC...turns pink its true NEG. Stays Yellow or NO Change is a TRUE Positive indicating N03 reduced |
| Staph Aureus | Catalase Positive, Coag Positive, Bet-hemo, GPC Clusters, TSST-1 enterotoxin. Latex agglutination+ for protein A. PYR NEG. MSA 7.6% POS. |
| Coag Neg Staphylococcus | S. saprophyticus- UTIs and NOVOBIACIN RESISTANT S. Lugdenensis-PYR POS, Ferments Mannitol, Cause Endocarditis |
| Micrococcus | Normal flora of skin and mucouse, Cause infection in immunosuppressed. YELLOW on SBA |
| S. Pyogenes | Catalase NEG, GPC chains and pairs, Strep Throat, post strep glomerulonephritis, necrotizing fascitis, and rheumatic fever Susceptable to A disc(bacitracin) small big beta-hemo, M- protein inhibits phago properties and antibodies. |
| hyaluronic capsule- protect from phago streptokinase- dissolve clots Streptolysin O,S- lyse rbcs, plateles and polys. | S. pyogenes |
| MAC mackonkey agar | Lac+ colonies PINK Lac- colonies COLORLESS |
| EMB agar Eosin-methylene blue | Lac Fermenters: DARK CENTER Lac NONfermenters: COLORLESS |
| HE agar Hektoen enteric | LAC/SUCR Fermenters: YELLOW/SALMON ORANGE Salmonella: Green and BlACK CENTER "H2S POS" Shigella: GREEN |
| XLD agar Xylose-Lysine-desoxycholate | LAC/SUCR fermenters: YELLOW Salmonella: RED with BLACK CENTER "H2S POS" Shigella: CLEAR |
| Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar | Lac Fermenters: RED Colonies Salmonella: Colorless and BLACK CENTER Shigella: Colorless |
| Bismuthe sulfite agar | Salmonell TYPHI: Black Colonies Lactose Fermenting colonies: Yellow-Orange |
| Brilliant Green agar | Proteus/Salmonella: red-pink colonies Shigella/Lac fermenters: NO Growth |
| Beta Lactams | Action: Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Use: Methicillin for penicillin res-staph |
| Glycopeptides | Action: Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Use: Clostridium difficile and for MRSA |
| Aminoglycosides | Action: Inhibit Protein Synthesis. Acts on 30S subunit Use: With Penicillin for Enterococcus |
| tetracyclines | Action: Inhibit Protein Synthesis Acts on 30S subunit Drugs: Tetracyline Doxycycline Note: can cause superinfection of Yeast and can effect bone and teeth in children |
| Chloramphenicol | Action: Inhibit Protein Synthesis Acts on 50S subunit Can cause Aplastic Anemia Use: |
| Macrolides | Action: Inhibit Protein Synthesis Acts on 50S subunit Clindamycin use for GP+ and GP- ANAEROBES Use: |
| Quinolines | Action: Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis Use: Psuedomonas and other aerobes |
| Sulfa Drugs (Sulfonomides) | Action: Intermediate of Folic Acid synthesis Use: UTI, used with trimethropin |
| Zones on agar TOO LARGE | Inoculum too HEAVY,poor nutrition in medium Agar depth TOO THIN |
| Zones on agar TOO SMALL | Inoculum too HEAVY Agar depth TOO THICK |
| Kirby Bauer Method | Mueller Hinton Agar Depth: 4mm Physio conc.: CA++ and Mg++ PH:7.2-7.4 35C, Ambient air, 0.5 McFarland QC: E.Coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus |
| BAP | Purpose: Most fastidius bacteria, Determines hemolytic reactoins |
| Chocolate | Purpose: Haemophilus and Neisseria sp; Enriched with Hemoglobin or Isovivlex |
| Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar "PEA" | Purpose: G+ Cocci; G- Anaerobic Bacilli |
| Columbia Colistin Nalidixic Agar | Purpose: Selects G+ Cocci |
| Martin Thayer Martin Agar "MTM" | Purpose: Sterile sites, Back up for Anaerobes |
| Campy-blood agar | Purpose: campylobacter |
| Thioglycolate Broth | Purpose: Mycobacterium spp |
| Lowenjensen Agar | Purpose: Mycobacterium spp |
| Middlebrook 7H10 Agar | Purpose: Mycobacterium spp |
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