Intro to Hematology
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| Define hematology. | The study of blood and blood forming organs.
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| Where are five places in the body that blood is formed? | 1. Bone Marrow
2. Spleen
3. Liver
4. Lymph Nodes
5. Thymus
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| Name the 4 original body humors. | Blood, Phlem, Black Bile, and Yellow Bile.
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| Cellular elements make up what percent of blood? | 45%
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| Cellular elements of blood include what 3 classes? | 1. Erythrocytes
2. Leukocytes
3. Platelets
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| Plasma makes up what percent of the blood? | 55%
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| What role does water play in plasma? | Transport medium and hydration of tissues
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| The 9% of plasma that is not water is composed of what? | Proteins, electrolytes,carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, and vitamins.
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| What is the percentage for each subclass of cellular elements? | Erythrocytes = 44%
Leukocytes = <1%
Platelets = <1%
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| What is the primary role of a RBC? | Transport of O2 and CO2.
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| What is the function of a platelet? | To maintain integrity of a red blood cell and begin coagulation processes.
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| Name 5 functions of blood. | 1. Transport nutrients to tissues
2. Remove metabolic end products
3. Gas Exchange
4. Natural defense mechanisms
5. Maintain integrity of the circulatory system
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| The cell membrane regulates what? | Entry and Exit to the cell
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| What is the cell membrane made from? | Proteins and lipids form a phospholipid bilayer.
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| 2 types of chromatin can be found in the? | Nuclues
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| Define heterochromatin? | Tightly coiled chromosomes that are inactive.
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| What is Euchromatin? | This refers to the uncoiled or diffused chromosomes that have an active role in the storage and transmitting of genetic information and directing of cellular activies.
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| The nucleolus contains what? | RNA
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| Nucleoli are present in cells engaged in what? | Protein synthesis
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| The (inner or outer) membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the ER? | Outer
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| The cytoplasm represents which portion of a cell? | The fluid portion (cytosol)
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| This organelle is responsible for post-translational modification of proteins as well as the transport of membrane bound secretory proteins. | Golgi Apparatus
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| Rough ER is responsible for the synthesis and storage of what? | Proteins
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| Smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis and storage of what? | Lipids
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| This is the site of energy production in a cell. | Mitochondria
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| These membrane bound vesicles are responsible for the dissolving of waste. | Lysosomes
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| What is Proteomics? | The study of composition, structure, and functional interaction of cellular proteins.
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| Which segment of a necleotide sequence DOES NOT code for protein? | Introns
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| What is pre-mRNa? | This is the copy of an entire sequence of a gene including introns and exons.
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| Mature mRNA includes only (introns or exons)? | Exons - this makes mature mRNA shorter
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| UTRs stand for? | Untranslated Regions
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| Where are UTRs located? | At the 5' and 3' ends of mature mRNA
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| What are the 2 roles of a UTR? | UTRs influence the stability of mRNA and efficiency of translation of a protein.
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| The variations of genetic sequence of a gene in different individuals is known as a _________? | Polymorphism
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| The is the alteration in a sequence of a gene that results in disease or abnormal function. | Mutation
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| SNP stands for what? And what is it? | Single nucleotide polymorphism is a region of DNA that differs in a single DNA nucleotide.
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| How do promoter regions of genes control gene expression? | They bind transcription factors to regulate expression.
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| True or False? Promoter regions are transcribed during the process of transcription? | False - they are not transcribed but used to regulate.
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| Variation in a genetic sequence with >1% frequency that does not cause disease is called? | Polymorphism
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| Gene expression is controled by promoter regions as well as these from outside the cell? | Signals
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Created by:
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