Vocabs
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80 conductor IDE cable | An IDE cable that has
40 pins but uses 80 wires, 40 of which are
ground wires designed to reduce crosstalk on the
cable. The cable is used by ATA/66 and higher
IDE drives.
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ANSI (American National Standards Institute) | A nonprofit organization dedicated to creating
trade and communications standards.
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ATAPI (Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface) | An interface standard, part of the
IDE/ATA standards, that allows tape drives,
optical drives, and other drives to be treated like
an IDE hard drive by the system.
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autodetection | A feature of system BIOS and hard
drives that automatically identifies and configures
a new drive in BIOS setup.
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block mode | A method of data transfer between hard
drive and memory that allows multiple data
transfers on a single software interrupt.
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boot record | The first sector of a floppy disk or hard
drive volume; it contains information about the
disk or volume. On a hard drive, if the boot record
is in the active partition, then it can be used to
boot the OS. Also called boot sector.
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boot sector | See boot record
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cluster | One or more sectors that constitute the
smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data
(also referred to as a file allocation unit). Files are
written to a disk as groups of whole clusters.
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DMA (direct memory access) transfer mode | A
transfer mode used by devices, including the hard
drive, to transfer data to memory without
involving the CPU.
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EIDE (Enhanced IDE) | A standard for managing the
interface between secondary storage devices and a
computer system. A system can support up to four
parallel ATA IDE devices such as hard drives,
CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives.
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external SATA (eSATA) | A standard for external drives
based on SATA that uses a special external
shielded SATA cable up to 2 meters long. eSATA is
up to six times faster than USB or FireWire.
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FAT12 | The 12-bit wide, one-column file allocation
table for a floppy disk, containing information
about how each cluster or file allocation unit on
the disk is currently used.
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file allocation unit | See cluster.
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floppy disk drive (FDD) | A drive that can hold either
a 5 inch or 3 inch floppy disk. Also called floppy
drive.
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head | The top or bottom surface of one platter on a
hard drive. Each platter has two heads.
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high-level formatting | Formatting performed by the
Windows Format programAlso called
OS formatting or operating system formatting.
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host adapter | The circuit board that controls a SCSI
bus supporting as many as seven or fifteen separate
devices. The host adapter controls communication
between the SCSI bus and the PC.
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IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics or Integrated Device Electronics) | A hard drive whose disk controller
is integrated into the drive, eliminating the need
for a controller cable and thus increasing speed, as
well as reducing price.
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Logical Unit Number (LUN) | A number assigned to a
logical device (such as a tray in a CD changer) that
is part of a physical SCSI device, which is assigned
a SCSI ID.
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low-level formatting | A process (usually performed at
the factory) that electronically creates the hard
drive tracks and sectors and tests for bad spots on
the disk surface.
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operating system formatting | See high-level formatting
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parallel ATA (PATA) | An older IDE cabling method that
uses a 40-pin flat or round data cable or an 80-
conductor cable and a 40-pin IDE connector. See also
serial ATA.
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PIO (Programmed I/O) transfer mode | A transfer
mode that uses the CPU to transfer data from the
hard drive to memory. PIO mode is slower than
DMA mode.
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SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) | A fast
interface between a host adapter and the CPU that
can daisy chain as many as 7 or 15 devices on a
single bus.
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SCSI ID | A number from 0 to 15 assigned to each SCSI
device attached to the daisy chain.
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serial ATA (SATA) | An ATAPI cabling method that
uses a narrower and more reliable cable than the
80-conductor cable. See also parallel ATA.
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serial ATA cable | An IDE cable that is narrower and
has fewer pins than the parallel IDE 80-conductor
cable.
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terminating resistor | The resistor added at the end of
a SCSI chain to dampen the voltage at the end of
the chain.
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Zone bite recording | A method of storing data on a hard drive whereby the drive can have more sectors per track near the outside of the platter.
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Hard drive controller | is the circuit which enables the CPU to communicate with a hard disk, floppy disk or other kind of disk drive.
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