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Chapter 8 Termss
Vocabs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 80 conductor IDE cable | An IDE cable that has 40 pins but uses 80 wires, 40 of which are ground wires designed to reduce crosstalk on the cable. The cable is used by ATA/66 and higher IDE drives. |
| ANSI (American National Standards Institute) | A nonprofit organization dedicated to creating trade and communications standards. |
| ATAPI (Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface) | An interface standard, part of the IDE/ATA standards, that allows tape drives, optical drives, and other drives to be treated like an IDE hard drive by the system. |
| autodetection | A feature of system BIOS and hard drives that automatically identifies and configures a new drive in BIOS setup. |
| block mode | A method of data transfer between hard drive and memory that allows multiple data transfers on a single software interrupt. |
| boot record | The first sector of a floppy disk or hard drive volume; it contains information about the disk or volume. On a hard drive, if the boot record is in the active partition, then it can be used to boot the OS. Also called boot sector. |
| boot sector | See boot record |
| cluster | One or more sectors that constitute the smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data (also referred to as a file allocation unit). Files are written to a disk as groups of whole clusters. |
| DMA (direct memory access) transfer mode | A transfer mode used by devices, including the hard drive, to transfer data to memory without involving the CPU. |
| EIDE (Enhanced IDE) | A standard for managing the interface between secondary storage devices and a computer system. A system can support up to four parallel ATA IDE devices such as hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives. |
| external SATA (eSATA) | A standard for external drives based on SATA that uses a special external shielded SATA cable up to 2 meters long. eSATA is up to six times faster than USB or FireWire. |
| FAT12 | The 12-bit wide, one-column file allocation table for a floppy disk, containing information about how each cluster or file allocation unit on the disk is currently used. |
| file allocation unit | See cluster. |
| floppy disk drive (FDD) | A drive that can hold either a 5 inch or 3 inch floppy disk. Also called floppy drive. |
| head | The top or bottom surface of one platter on a hard drive. Each platter has two heads. |
| high-level formatting | Formatting performed by the Windows Format programAlso called OS formatting or operating system formatting. |
| host adapter | The circuit board that controls a SCSI bus supporting as many as seven or fifteen separate devices. The host adapter controls communication between the SCSI bus and the PC. |
| IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics or Integrated Device Electronics) | A hard drive whose disk controller is integrated into the drive, eliminating the need for a controller cable and thus increasing speed, as well as reducing price. |
| Logical Unit Number (LUN) | A number assigned to a logical device (such as a tray in a CD changer) that is part of a physical SCSI device, which is assigned a SCSI ID. |
| low-level formatting | A process (usually performed at the factory) that electronically creates the hard drive tracks and sectors and tests for bad spots on the disk surface. |
| operating system formatting | See high-level formatting |
| parallel ATA (PATA) | An older IDE cabling method that uses a 40-pin flat or round data cable or an 80- conductor cable and a 40-pin IDE connector. See also serial ATA. |
| PIO (Programmed I/O) transfer mode | A transfer mode that uses the CPU to transfer data from the hard drive to memory. PIO mode is slower than DMA mode. |
| SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) | A fast interface between a host adapter and the CPU that can daisy chain as many as 7 or 15 devices on a single bus. |
| SCSI ID | A number from 0 to 15 assigned to each SCSI device attached to the daisy chain. |
| serial ATA (SATA) | An ATAPI cabling method that uses a narrower and more reliable cable than the 80-conductor cable. See also parallel ATA. |
| serial ATA cable | An IDE cable that is narrower and has fewer pins than the parallel IDE 80-conductor cable. |
| terminating resistor | The resistor added at the end of a SCSI chain to dampen the voltage at the end of the chain. |
| Zone bite recording | A method of storing data on a hard drive whereby the drive can have more sectors per track near the outside of the platter. |
| Hard drive controller | is the circuit which enables the CPU to communicate with a hard disk, floppy disk or other kind of disk drive. |
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