PBHS Supreme Court Landmark Cases
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| Established federal bank that cannot be taxed | McCulloch V Maryland
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| Separate but equal | Plessy V Ferguson
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| Legalized abortion (1st trimester) | Roe V Wade
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| Overturned separate but equal | Brown V Board of Education of Topeka KS
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| Judicial Review | Marbury V Madison
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| Reapportionment of electoral districts (Tennessee) | Baker V Carr
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| Court must provide legal representation/an attorney (Florida pool hall) | Gideon V Wainwright
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| Fed. govt did NOT have the right to regulate child labor | Hammer V Dagenhart
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| overturned Hammer v Dagenhart and upheld Fair Labor Standards Act in 1941 | U.S. v Darby Lumber Co.
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| First time a state law was declared unconstitutional (that legislature cannot repeal a sale) | Fletcher v Peck
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| Lincoln suspended writ of habeas corpus | Ex Parte Merryman
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| habeas corpus | "you have the body"
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| Must be informed of rights when investigated for crime | Miranda v Arizona
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| Held that though Dred Scott, a slave, had lived in a free territory with his master, he was still his masters property, and not a citizen of the US | Dred Scott v Sanford
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| Held that martial law must be confined to "the theater of active military operations" and that civilians could not be tried in military courts if civil courts remained operational | Ex parte Milligan
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| Held that Congress has the authority to regulate all interstate commerce | Gibbons v Ogden
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| Held that the federal rule excluding the use of illegally obtained evidence in criminal trials should be applied to the states | Mapp v Ohio
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| Held that obscenity is not protected under the First Amendment | Roth v United States
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| Held that WWI limits on free speech did not violate the 1st Amendment if the speech in question presented "clear and present danger" | Schenk v United States
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| Dissolved John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Test | Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v United States
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| Held that secret tape recordings made in the office of President Nixon were subject to subpoena for the Watergate trial | United States v Nixon
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| Held that a university may consider race and ethnic background in considering applicants for admission, but may not establish fixed quotas | University of California v Bakke
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| Federal regulation of interstate commerce trumps state regulation | Gibbons V Ogden
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| "One man, one vote" | Baker V Carr and Reynolds v Sims
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| U.S. v Darby Lumber Co upheld this act | Fair Labor Standards Act of 1941
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| Pres. _____ appointed the 42 ______ judges but Pres. ______ held up their _______ leading Chief Justice ______ to establish ________ in the case ______ | Adams, midnight judges, Jefferson, commissions, John Marshall, judicial review, Marbury v Madison
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| First man appointed as Chief Justice | John Jay
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| This man formulated the "clear and present danger test" | Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr
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| Claimed that the First Amendment does not protect a person who falsely shouts fire in a theater | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr
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| phrase associated with Schenk v U.S. | "clear and present danger"
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| Electoral districts must be roughly equal in population | Reynolds V Sims
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| "the power to tax implied the power to destroy" | McCulloch v Maryland
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| John Marshall ruled that a state tax on a branch of the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional. | McCulloch v. Maryland
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| This case involved land speculators on Yazoo tribal lands in Georgia. | Fletcher v. Peck
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