Genetics Vocab chp 5
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| Genetics | the study of heredity
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| Gregor Mendel | called the Father of Genetics... he developed the principal of genetics by researching pea plants
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| Trait | a genetically determined characteristic
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| Dominant gene | stronger gene or trait in genetics
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| Recessive gene | weaker gene or trait in genetics
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| Allelle | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic... a genotype includes an allele from each parent
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| Hybrid | an organism that is heterozygous (has two different genes) for a particular trait
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| Purebred | an organism that is homozygous (has two of the same genes) for a particular trait
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| Incomplete dominance | condition that occurs when genes are neither dominant nor recessive (characteristics blend).
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| Codominance | the expression of two dominant traits within the same organism at the same time
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| Meiosis | the production of sex cells... the process results in cells with only half the normal number of chromosomes
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| Phenotype | the visible characteristics of an organism (as a result of the genotype)
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| Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism
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| Punnett Square | a chart that is used to show the possible gene combinatons in a cross between two organisms.
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| Mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome that results in a new characteristic
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| Sex-linked trait | characteristic passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome
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| DNA | nucleic acid that stores the information needed to build proteins and carries genetic information about an organism
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| Genetic engineering | process in which genes or parts of DNA are transferred from one organism into another organism
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| Gene | the basic unit of heredity
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| Heredity | the passing of traits and genes from parent to offspring.
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| Chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA
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| Probability | the likelihood that a future event will occur
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| Heterozygous | organism with 1 dominant and 1 recessive gene
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| Homozygous | organism that has either both dominant or both recessive genes
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| Homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and structure
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| Pedigree | a diagram that shows a genetic trait in several generations of a family
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