Linux Study Guide - Linux Filesystem Administration
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| /dev directory | The directory off the root where device files are typically stored.
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| /dev/MAKEDEV command | The command used to re-create a device file if one or more of the following pieces of device information is unknown
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| /etc/fstab | A file used to specify which filesystems to mount automatically at boot time and queried by the mount command if an insufficient number of arguments are specified.
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| /etc/mtab | A file that stores a list of currently mounted filesystems.
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| /proc/devices | A file that contains currently used device information.
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| bad blocks | The areas of a storage medium unable to store data properly.
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| block | The unit of data commonly used by filesystem commands; a block can contain several sectors.
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| block devices | The storage devices that transfer data to and from the system in chunks of many data bits by caching the information in RAM; they are represented by block device files.
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| cfdisk command | A command used to partition hard disks; it displays a graphical interface in which the user can select partitioning options.
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| character devices | The storage devices that transfer data to and from the system one data bit at a time; they are represented by character device files.
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| cylinder | A series of tracks on a hard disk that are written to simultaneously by the magnetic heads in a hard disk drive.
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| device file | A file used by Linux commands that represents a specific device on the system; these files do not have a data section and use major and minor numbers to reference the proper driver and specific device on the system, respectively.
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| df (disk free space) command | A command that displays disk free space by filesystem.
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| disk-burning software | Software that can be used to record data to CD-RW or DVD-RW media.
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| du (directory usage) command | A command that displays directory usage.
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| edquota command | A command used to specify quota limits for users and groups.
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| fdisk command | A command used to create, delete, and manipulate partitions on hard disks.
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| filesystem | The organization imposed on a physical storage medium that is used to manage the storage and retrieval of data.
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| filesystem corruption | The errors in a filesystem structure that prevent the retrieval of stored data.
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| formatting | The process in which a filesystem is placed on a disk device.
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| fsck (filesystem check) command | A command used to check the integrity of a filesystem and repair damaged files.
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| fuser command | A command used to identify any users or processes using a particular file or directory.
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| hard disk quotas | The limits on the number of files, or total storage space on a hard disk drive, available to a user.
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| hard limit | A hard disk quota that the user cannot exceed.
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| ISO images | Files that contain an ISO 9660 filesystem within.
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| logical volume (LV) | A volume that is managed by the LVM and composed of free space within a VG.
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| Logical Volume Manager (LVM) | A set of software components within Linux that can be used to manage the storage of information across several different hard disks on a Linux system.
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| lvcreate command | A command used to create LVM logical volumes.
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| lvdisplay command | A command used to view LVM logical volumes.
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| lvextend command | A command used to add additional space from volume groups to existing LVM logical volumes.
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| lvscan command | A command used to view LVM logical volumes.
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| major number | The number used by the kernel to identify which device driver to call to interact properly with a given category of hardware; hard disk drives, CD-ROMs, and video cards are all categories of hardware; similar devices share a common major number.
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| minor number | The number used by the kernel to identify which specific hardware device, within a given category, to use a driver to communicate with; see also major number.
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| mkfs (make filesystem) command | A command used to format or create filesystems.
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| mkisofs command | A command used to create an ISO image from one or more files on the filesystem.
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| mknod command | A command used to re-create a device file, provided the major number, minor number, and type (character or block) are known.
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| mkswap command | A command used to prepare newly created swap partitions for use by the Linux system.
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| mount command | A command used to mount filesystems on devices to mount point directories.
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| mount point | The directory in a file structure to which something is mounted.
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| mounting | A process used to associate a device with a directory in the logical directory tree such that users can store data on that device.
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| partition | A physical division of a hard disk drive.
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| physical extent (PE) | size The block size used by the LVM when storing data on a volume group.
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| physical volume (PV) | A hard disk partition that is used by the LVM.
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| pvcreate command | A command used to create LVM physical volumes.
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| pvdisplay command | A command used to view LVM physical volumes.
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| pvscan command | A command used to view LVM physical volumes.
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| quota command | A command used to view disk quotas imposed on a user.
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| quotaoff command | A command used to deactivate disk quotas.
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| quotaon command | A command used to activate disk quotas.
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| quotas | The limits that can be imposed on users and groups for filesystem usage.
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| repquota command | A command used to produce a report on quotas for a particular filesystem.
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| root filesystem | The filesystem that contains most files that make up the operating system; it should have enough free space to prevent errors and slow performance.
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| sector | The smallest unit of data storage on a hard disk; sectors are arranged into concentric circles called tracks and can be grouped into blocks for use by the system.
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| soft limit | A hard disk quota that the user can exceed for a certain period of time.
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| Solid State Drives (SSDs) | Hard disk devices that use flash memory chips for storage instead of electromagnetic platters.
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| swapoff command | A command used to disable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system.
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| swapon command | A command used to enable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system.
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| syncing | The process of writing data to the hard disk drive that was stored in RAM.
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| track | The area on a hard disk that forms a concentric circle of sectors.
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| tune2fs command | A command used to modify ext2 and ext3 filesystem parameters.
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| umount command | A command used to break the association between a device and a directory in the logical directory tree.
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| vgcreate command | A command used to create LVM volume groups.
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| vgdisplay command | A command used to view LVM volume groups.
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| vgextend command | A command used to add additional physical volumes to an LVM volume group.
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| vgscan command | A command used to view LVM volume groups.
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| volume group (VG) | A group of physical volumes that are used by the LVM.
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