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NOS220 Review (Ch5)

Linux Study Guide - Linux Filesystem Administration

QuestionAnswer
/dev directory The directory off the root where device files are typically stored.
/dev/MAKEDEV command The command used to re-create a device file if one or more of the following pieces of device information is unknown
/etc/fstab A file used to specify which filesystems to mount automatically at boot time and queried by the mount command if an insufficient number of arguments are specified.
/etc/mtab A file that stores a list of currently mounted filesystems.
/proc/devices A file that contains currently used device information.
bad blocks The areas of a storage medium unable to store data properly.
block The unit of data commonly used by filesystem commands; a block can contain several sectors.
block devices The storage devices that transfer data to and from the system in chunks of many data bits by caching the information in RAM; they are represented by block device files.
cfdisk command A command used to partition hard disks; it displays a graphical interface in which the user can select partitioning options.
character devices The storage devices that transfer data to and from the system one data bit at a time; they are represented by character device files.
cylinder A series of tracks on a hard disk that are written to simultaneously by the magnetic heads in a hard disk drive.
device file A file used by Linux commands that represents a specific device on the system; these files do not have a data section and use major and minor numbers to reference the proper driver and specific device on the system, respectively.
df (disk free space) command A command that displays disk free space by filesystem.
disk-burning software Software that can be used to record data to CD-RW or DVD-RW media.
du (directory usage) command A command that displays directory usage.
edquota command A command used to specify quota limits for users and groups.
fdisk command A command used to create, delete, and manipulate partitions on hard disks.
filesystem The organization imposed on a physical storage medium that is used to manage the storage and retrieval of data.
filesystem corruption The errors in a filesystem structure that prevent the retrieval of stored data.
formatting The process in which a filesystem is placed on a disk device.
fsck (filesystem check) command A command used to check the integrity of a filesystem and repair damaged files.
fuser command A command used to identify any users or processes using a particular file or directory.
hard disk quotas The limits on the number of files, or total storage space on a hard disk drive, available to a user.
hard limit A hard disk quota that the user cannot exceed.
ISO images Files that contain an ISO 9660 filesystem within.
logical volume (LV) A volume that is managed by the LVM and composed of free space within a VG.
Logical Volume Manager (LVM) A set of software components within Linux that can be used to manage the storage of information across several different hard disks on a Linux system.
lvcreate command A command used to create LVM logical volumes.
lvdisplay command A command used to view LVM logical volumes.
lvextend command A command used to add additional space from volume groups to existing LVM logical volumes.
lvscan command A command used to view LVM logical volumes.
major number The number used by the kernel to identify which device driver to call to interact properly with a given category of hardware; hard disk drives, CD-ROMs, and video cards are all categories of hardware; similar devices share a common major number.
minor number The number used by the kernel to identify which specific hardware device, within a given category, to use a driver to communicate with; see also major number.
mkfs (make filesystem) command A command used to format or create filesystems.
mkisofs command A command used to create an ISO image from one or more files on the filesystem.
mknod command A command used to re-create a device file, provided the major number, minor number, and type (character or block) are known.
mkswap command A command used to prepare newly created swap partitions for use by the Linux system.
mount command A command used to mount filesystems on devices to mount point directories.
mount point The directory in a file structure to which something is mounted.
mounting A process used to associate a device with a directory in the logical directory tree such that users can store data on that device.
partition A physical division of a hard disk drive.
physical extent (PE) size The block size used by the LVM when storing data on a volume group.
physical volume (PV) A hard disk partition that is used by the LVM.
pvcreate command A command used to create LVM physical volumes.
pvdisplay command A command used to view LVM physical volumes.
pvscan command A command used to view LVM physical volumes.
quota command A command used to view disk quotas imposed on a user.
quotaoff command A command used to deactivate disk quotas.
quotaon command A command used to activate disk quotas.
quotas The limits that can be imposed on users and groups for filesystem usage.
repquota command A command used to produce a report on quotas for a particular filesystem.
root filesystem The filesystem that contains most files that make up the operating system; it should have enough free space to prevent errors and slow performance.
sector The smallest unit of data storage on a hard disk; sectors are arranged into concentric circles called tracks and can be grouped into blocks for use by the system.
soft limit A hard disk quota that the user can exceed for a certain period of time.
Solid State Drives (SSDs) Hard disk devices that use flash memory chips for storage instead of electromagnetic platters.
swapoff command A command used to disable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system.
swapon command A command used to enable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system.
syncing The process of writing data to the hard disk drive that was stored in RAM.
track The area on a hard disk that forms a concentric circle of sectors.
tune2fs command A command used to modify ext2 and ext3 filesystem parameters.
umount command A command used to break the association between a device and a directory in the logical directory tree.
vgcreate command A command used to create LVM volume groups.
vgdisplay command A command used to view LVM volume groups.
vgextend command A command used to add additional physical volumes to an LVM volume group.
vgscan command A command used to view LVM volume groups.
volume group (VG) A group of physical volumes that are used by the LVM.
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