Linux Study Guide - System Initialization & X Windows
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| .dmrc (display manager runtime configuration) file | A file that is stored within each user’s home directory to list the preferred desktop environment for use by the GNOME Display Manager.
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| .xinitrc (X initialization runtime configuration) file | A file that is stored within each user’s home directory to list the preferred desktop environment for use by the startx command.
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| /boot | The directory that contains the kernel and boot-related files.
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| /boot/grub/grub.conf | The GRUB configuration file.
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| /etc/inittab | The configuration file for the init daemon that specifies the default runlevel.
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| /etc/lilo.conf | The LILO configuration file.
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| /etc/rc.d/init.d | The directory in which most daemons’and startup/shutdown scripts are located.
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| /etc/rc.d/rc*.d | The directories used to start and kill daemons in each runlevel.
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| /etc/rc.d/rc.local | The final script executed during system startup.
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| /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit | The first script executed during system startup.
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| /etc/X11/XF86Config | The configuration file used by the XFree86 implementation of X Windows.
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| /etc/X11/xorg.conf | The configuration file used by the X.Org implementation of X Windows.
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| active partition | The partition searched for by an OS after the MBR.
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| boot loader | A program used to load an OS.
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| chkconfig command | A command that can be used to configure daemon startup by runlevel.
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| compiz | A window manager that is commonly used within the KDE and GNOME desktops to provide 3D effects.
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| Daemon | A Linux system process that provides a certain service.
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| default runlevel | The runlevel that is entered when the Linux system is initialized at boot time.
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| desktop environment | The software that works with a window manager to provide a standard GUI environment that uses standard programs and development tools.
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| Display Settings utility | A graphical utility that can be used to configure the video card and monitor settings for use by X Windows.
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| dmesg command | A command that displays hardware-related messages generated by the Linux kernel.
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| dual boot | A configuration in which two or more OSs exist on the hard disk of a computer; a boot loader allows the user to choose which OS to load at boot time.
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| EasyBCD | A free Windows utility that can be used to modify and configure the Windows boot loader so that it can dual boot a Linux OS.
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| ELILO | A boot loader used with computers that support Intel Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) technology.
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| extended multiuser mode | Also called runlevel 3; the mode that provides most daemons and a full set of networking daemons.
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| GNOME Display Manager (gdm) | A program that provides a graphical login screen.
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| GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) | An open source graphics manipulation program that uses the GTK+ toolkit.
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| GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) | The default desktop environment in Fedora Linux; it was created in 1997.
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| GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) | A common boot loader used on Linux systems.
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| grub-install command | The command used to install the GRUB boot loader.
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| grub-md5-crypt command | The command used to generate an encrypted password for use in the /etc/grub/grub.conf file.
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| GRUB root partition | The partition containing the second stage of the GRUB boot loader and the /boot/grub/grub.conf file.
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| GTK+ toolkit | A development toolkit for C programming; it is used in the GNOME desktop and the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP).
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| init command | The command used to change the OS from one runlevel to another.
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| initialize (init) daemon | The first process started by the Linux kernel; it is responsible for starting and stopping other daemons.
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| Initstate | See runlevel.
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| K Desktop Environment (KDE) | A desktop environment created by Matthias Ettrich in 1996.
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| K Window Manager (kwin) | The window manager that works under the KDE Desktop Environment.
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| KDE Display Manager (kdm) | A graphical login screen for users that resembles the KDE desktop.
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| lilo command | The command used to reinstall the LILO boot loader based on the configuration information in /etc/lilo.conf.
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| Linux Loader (LILO) | A common boot loader used on Linux systems.
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| Metacity Window Manager | The default window manager for the GNOME Desktop Environment in Fedora 13.
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| mouse-test command | A command used to detect and configure your mouse.
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| multiuser mode | Also called runlevel 2; the mode that provides most daemons and a partial set of networking daemons.
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| Ntsysv | A utility that can be used to alter the daemons that are started in each runlevel.
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| power on-self test (POST) | An initial series of tests run when a computer is powered on to ensure that hardware components are functional.
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| Qt toolkit | The software toolkit used with the K Desktop Environment.
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| Runlevel | A term that defines a certain type and number of daemons on a Linux system.
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| runlevel command | The command used to display the current and most recent (previous) runlevel.
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| runtime configuration (rc) scripts | Shell scripts that are used by the init daemon to initialize the system at boot time as well as start and stop daemons when entering a particular runlevel.
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| service command | A command that can be used to manually start, stop, and restart daemons.
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| Service Configuration utility | A graphical utility that can be used to start, stop, and restart daemons as well as configure the runlevels that they are automatically started and stopped in.
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| single user mode | Also called runlevel 1; the mode that provides a single terminal and a limited set of services.
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| system-config-display command | A command used to configure a video adapter card and monitor for use by X Windows.
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| system-config-keyboard command | A command used to configure a keyboard for use by X Windows.
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| telinit command | An alias to the init command.
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| upstart init system | The next-generation init daemon and related files used by modern Linux distributions such as Fedora 13.
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| virtualization software | Software that can be used to run multiple OSs simultaneously on the same computer.
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| vmlinuz-<kernel version> | The Linux kernel file.
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| window manager | The GUI component that is responsible for determining the appearance of the windows drawn on the screen by X Windows.
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| X client | The component of X Windows that requests graphics to be drawn from the X server and displays them on the terminal screen.
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| X Display Manager (xdm) | A graphical login screen.
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| XFree86 | A common implementation of X Windows used in Linux distributions.
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| X.Org | A common implementation of X Windows used in Linux distributions.
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| X server | The component of X Windows that draws graphics to windows on the terminal screen.
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| Xvidtune | A program used to fine-tune the vsync and hsync video card settings for use in X Windows.
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| X Windows | The component of the Linux GUI that displays graphics to windows on the terminal screen.
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