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NOS220 Review - Ch8
Linux Study Guide - System Initialization & X Windows
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| .dmrc (display manager runtime configuration) file | A file that is stored within each user’s home directory to list the preferred desktop environment for use by the GNOME Display Manager. |
| .xinitrc (X initialization runtime configuration) file | A file that is stored within each user’s home directory to list the preferred desktop environment for use by the startx command. |
| /boot | The directory that contains the kernel and boot-related files. |
| /boot/grub/grub.conf | The GRUB configuration file. |
| /etc/inittab | The configuration file for the init daemon that specifies the default runlevel. |
| /etc/lilo.conf | The LILO configuration file. |
| /etc/rc.d/init.d | The directory in which most daemons’and startup/shutdown scripts are located. |
| /etc/rc.d/rc*.d | The directories used to start and kill daemons in each runlevel. |
| /etc/rc.d/rc.local | The final script executed during system startup. |
| /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit | The first script executed during system startup. |
| /etc/X11/XF86Config | The configuration file used by the XFree86 implementation of X Windows. |
| /etc/X11/xorg.conf | The configuration file used by the X.Org implementation of X Windows. |
| active partition | The partition searched for by an OS after the MBR. |
| boot loader | A program used to load an OS. |
| chkconfig command | A command that can be used to configure daemon startup by runlevel. |
| compiz | A window manager that is commonly used within the KDE and GNOME desktops to provide 3D effects. |
| Daemon | A Linux system process that provides a certain service. |
| default runlevel | The runlevel that is entered when the Linux system is initialized at boot time. |
| desktop environment | The software that works with a window manager to provide a standard GUI environment that uses standard programs and development tools. |
| Display Settings utility | A graphical utility that can be used to configure the video card and monitor settings for use by X Windows. |
| dmesg command | A command that displays hardware-related messages generated by the Linux kernel. |
| dual boot | A configuration in which two or more OSs exist on the hard disk of a computer; a boot loader allows the user to choose which OS to load at boot time. |
| EasyBCD | A free Windows utility that can be used to modify and configure the Windows boot loader so that it can dual boot a Linux OS. |
| ELILO | A boot loader used with computers that support Intel Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) technology. |
| extended multiuser mode | Also called runlevel 3; the mode that provides most daemons and a full set of networking daemons. |
| GNOME Display Manager (gdm) | A program that provides a graphical login screen. |
| GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) | An open source graphics manipulation program that uses the GTK+ toolkit. |
| GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) | The default desktop environment in Fedora Linux; it was created in 1997. |
| GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) | A common boot loader used on Linux systems. |
| grub-install command | The command used to install the GRUB boot loader. |
| grub-md5-crypt command | The command used to generate an encrypted password for use in the /etc/grub/grub.conf file. |
| GRUB root partition | The partition containing the second stage of the GRUB boot loader and the /boot/grub/grub.conf file. |
| GTK+ toolkit | A development toolkit for C programming; it is used in the GNOME desktop and the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP). |
| init command | The command used to change the OS from one runlevel to another. |
| initialize (init) daemon | The first process started by the Linux kernel; it is responsible for starting and stopping other daemons. |
| Initstate | See runlevel. |
| K Desktop Environment (KDE) | A desktop environment created by Matthias Ettrich in 1996. |
| K Window Manager (kwin) | The window manager that works under the KDE Desktop Environment. |
| KDE Display Manager (kdm) | A graphical login screen for users that resembles the KDE desktop. |
| lilo command | The command used to reinstall the LILO boot loader based on the configuration information in /etc/lilo.conf. |
| Linux Loader (LILO) | A common boot loader used on Linux systems. |
| Metacity Window Manager | The default window manager for the GNOME Desktop Environment in Fedora 13. |
| mouse-test command | A command used to detect and configure your mouse. |
| multiuser mode | Also called runlevel 2; the mode that provides most daemons and a partial set of networking daemons. |
| Ntsysv | A utility that can be used to alter the daemons that are started in each runlevel. |
| power on-self test (POST) | An initial series of tests run when a computer is powered on to ensure that hardware components are functional. |
| Qt toolkit | The software toolkit used with the K Desktop Environment. |
| Runlevel | A term that defines a certain type and number of daemons on a Linux system. |
| runlevel command | The command used to display the current and most recent (previous) runlevel. |
| runtime configuration (rc) scripts | Shell scripts that are used by the init daemon to initialize the system at boot time as well as start and stop daemons when entering a particular runlevel. |
| service command | A command that can be used to manually start, stop, and restart daemons. |
| Service Configuration utility | A graphical utility that can be used to start, stop, and restart daemons as well as configure the runlevels that they are automatically started and stopped in. |
| single user mode | Also called runlevel 1; the mode that provides a single terminal and a limited set of services. |
| system-config-display command | A command used to configure a video adapter card and monitor for use by X Windows. |
| system-config-keyboard command | A command used to configure a keyboard for use by X Windows. |
| telinit command | An alias to the init command. |
| upstart init system | The next-generation init daemon and related files used by modern Linux distributions such as Fedora 13. |
| virtualization software | Software that can be used to run multiple OSs simultaneously on the same computer. |
| vmlinuz-<kernel version> | The Linux kernel file. |
| window manager | The GUI component that is responsible for determining the appearance of the windows drawn on the screen by X Windows. |
| X client | The component of X Windows that requests graphics to be drawn from the X server and displays them on the terminal screen. |
| X Display Manager (xdm) | A graphical login screen. |
| XFree86 | A common implementation of X Windows used in Linux distributions. |
| X.Org | A common implementation of X Windows used in Linux distributions. |
| X server | The component of X Windows that draws graphics to windows on the terminal screen. |
| Xvidtune | A program used to fine-tune the vsync and hsync video card settings for use in X Windows. |
| X Windows | The component of the Linux GUI that displays graphics to windows on the terminal screen. |
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Sumbunny
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