Module Six: Supporting Hard Drives
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| How Hard Drives Work • Two main areas to understand | oThe Drive and Drive Interface oReading/Writing data to the drive
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| Name the two types of hard drive technologies. | Solid State or Magnetic
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| Parts of a magnetic hard drive | oPlatters or Disks, Read/Write Heads, Actuator and Spindle oController
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| Magnetic hard drive data organization | Magnetic patterns represent data Bits
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| Bits | smallest physical
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| Bits are contained in | Sectors
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| Sectors | smallest physical group
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| Sectors are assembled into | Clusters
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| Clusters | smallest logical group
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| Clusters make up | Tracks
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| Tracks on multiple disks (heads) combine to make | Cylinders
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| Cylinders combine to make | Partitions
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| At least one partition (sometimes multiple partitions is on a single | Hard Drive
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| Multiple hard drives may be combined into a single | Volume (with OS support)
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| Parts of a solid-state hard drive | oNon-volatile flash memory oController
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| The process whereby tracks and sectors are written to a hard drive is called: | Low level formatting
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| The process whereby a partition is created on a hard drive is called: | High level formatting or operating system formatting
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| Hard Drive Controller BIOS | interface between the System BIOS and the data on the drive
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| LBA Mode | sequential numbering system for all sectors on a hard drive
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| Hard Drve | OS and other software + System Bios + Hard Drvier controller BIOS
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| Parallel ATA (EIDE) | Interface for CD-ROMs, DVDs and other devices
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| ANSI standards | define the speed of the EIDE connection (in MB/sec)
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| Drives require | 40 or 80-conductor data cable (depends on ANSI standard)
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| Motherboards typically had two Parallel (EIDE) interfaces | Primary and Secondary
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| Name the two currently popular methods of connecting external hard drives: | USB and Firewire
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| If a motherboard has two PATA ATA-2 channels, how many IDE devices can it support using two data cables? | Four
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| The two methods a hard drive can use to transfer data to memory are: | DMA (Direct Memory Access) transfer mode or PIO (Programmed Input/output Transfer)
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| A PC has two hard drives on the same IDE channel. One is an ATA/66 and the other is ATA/100. What speeds will the two hard drives run at? | Both drives will run at the speed of the slower drive unless the motherboard chipset controling the ATA connection suppors a feature called Independent Device Timing.
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| Serial ATA | oNewest interface technology, expected to replace parallel technologies oUses a narrow data cable, designed to handle large, high-performance drives oThree standards (revisions) SATA 1, 2, & 3
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| Identify the max length of an internal SATA cable | 1 meter in length
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| Hard Drive Selection | •Auto detection allows BIOS to configure a drive for best performance •Newer drives in older systems may require oBIOS Update, new Controller Card or new Motherboard
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| RAID | •Fault Tolerance – the ability to withstand faults/failures •Dynamic disks allow various implementations
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| Which RAID provides performance increase, better use of volume capacity and fault tolerance? | RAID 5
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| Hard Drive Installation | •Set Drive Configuration as necessary and secure in open slot •Connect Cables: Data Cable and Power Connection •Boot PC oBIOS/CMOS Setup Auto Setup or Manual Setup •Partition and high-Level (OS) Format
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| A technician is installing a SATA drive that has two power connectors. Which connector should the technician use to complete the installation? | Serial ATA power connector
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| Active Partition | The primary partition on the hard drive that boots the OS. Also called the system partition
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| Cluster | One or more sectors that constitute the smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data
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| Extended Partition | The only partition on a hard drive that can contain more than one logical drive
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| High-level Formatting | Formatting performed by the windows format program (for example, format c:/s), the windows installation program, or the Disk management utility.
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| IDE/EIDE | A hard drive whose disk controller is integrated into the drive, eliminating the need for a controller cable and thus increasing speed, as well as reducing price.
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| Low-level Formatting | A process (usually performed at the factory) that electronically creates the hard drive tracks and sectors and tests for bad spots on the disk surface
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| Parallel ATA (PATA) | An older IDE cabling method that uses a 40-pin flat or round data cable or an 80- conductor cable and a 40 pin IDE connector.
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| Primary Partitions | A hard disk partition thaat can contain only one volume.
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| Sector | On a disk surface one segment of a track, which almost always contains 512 bytes of data.
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| Zone bit Recording | is used by disk drives to store more sectors per track on outer tracks than on inner tracks. It is also called Zone Constant Angular Velocity (Zone CAV or Z-CAV or ZCAV
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| Serial ATA (SATA) | An ATAPI cabling method that uses a narrower and more reliable cable than the 80-conductor cable.
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