SB82 Urology quiz questions loosely based on Fiser's ABSITE Review, 3rd edition.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Location of Gerota's fascia | Around kidney
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| Right renal artery crosses ________ (anterior/posterior) to IVC | Posterior
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| Ureters cross __________ (over/under) iliac vessels | Under
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| Reason why left renal vein can be ligated from IVC if necessary | Left renal vein has collaterals
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| Most common cause of acute renal insufficiency following surgery | Hypotension
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| Most common type of renal calculi | Calcium oxalate stones
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| Second most common type of renal calculi | Struvite aka magnesium ammonium phosphate
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| Collaterals involved with left renal vein | 1) Left adrenal vein 2) Left gonadal vein 3) Left ascending lumbar vein
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| Percentage of renal calculi that are calcium oxalate | 75%
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| Percentage of renal calculi that are struvite | 15%
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| Type of renal calculi that are always radiolucent | Uric acid stones
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| Terminal ileum resection causes increase in what type of renal calculi? | Calcium oxalate
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| Struvite stones are more common in what conditions? | Infection with urease-producing organisms (Proteus mirabilis)
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| Staghorn calculi belong to which type of renal calculus? | Struvite
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| Uric acid stones are more common in these three conditions | Ileostomies, gout, myeloproliferative disorders
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| Renal calculi: Indications for surgery (4) | Intractable pain or infection, progressive obstruction, progressive renal damage, solitary kidney
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| If kidney stone size is greater than ________, they are not likely to pass | 6 mm
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| #1 cancer killer in men ages 25-35 | Testicular cancer
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| Main symptom of testicular cancer | Painless hard testicular mass
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| Rationale during orchiectomy for testicular cancer for using an inguinal incision rather than transscrotal incision | Inguinal incision does not disrupt lymphatics
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| Most testicular masses are ____________ (benign/malignant) | Malignant
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| LDH correlates with what aspect of testicular cancer? | Tumor bulk
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| 90% of testicular tumors are ___________ | Germ cell tumors
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| Imaging for testicular cancer | US to assist in diagnosis, CXR to assess for pulmonary metastases, CT to check for retroperitoneal and mediastinal burden
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| Lab tests for testicular cancer | LDH, AFP, beta-HCG
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| What condition causes increased risk for testicular cancer? | Cryptorchidism
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| Most common type of testicular cancer in cryptorchidism | Seminoma
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| Most common testicular cancer | Seminoma
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| As opposed to seminomas, NSGCTs have an elevation of this substance | AFP
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| Testicular seminomas spread to the ____________ | Retroperitoneum
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| NSGCTs spread through the __________________ | Bloodstream
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| Seminoma is extremely sensitive to this treatment | Radiation therapy
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| Chemotherapy for seminoma patients with positive nodes, metastatic disease, or bulky retroperitoneal disease | Cisplatin, bleomycin, VP-16
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| Areas of spread for NSGCTs | Lungs and retroperitoneum
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| NGSCTs with a ___________ component are more likely to spread to the retroperitoneum | Teratomatous
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| Treatment for stage I NSGCT | Orchiectomy and retroperitoneal node dissection
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| Most common location of prostate cancer | Posterior lobe of prostate
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| Most common site and appearance of prostate cancer metastasis | Bone, usually osteoblastic and hyperdense on X-ray
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| Treatment for Stage IA prostate cancer discovered with TURP | No treatment necessary
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| Expected PSA three weeks after prostatectomy | 0
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| Reasons for elevated PSA | Cancer, BPH, prostatitis, repeated catheterization
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| Action of flutamide | Testosterone blocker
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| Action of leuprolide | Luteinizing hormone blocker
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| Lab test to assess metastases from prostate cancer | Alkaline phosphatase - elevated with bony metastasis
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| Most common primary tumor of kidney | Renal cell carcinoma
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| Percentage of renal cell carcinomas that are calcified | 15%
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| Triad of symptoms in RCC | Abdominal pain, hematuria, mass
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| Percentage of patient with RCC who have metastases at time of diagnosis | 33%
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| Treatment for isolated lung or liver metastases due to RCC | Wedge resection
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| Most common site for RCC metastases | Lung
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| Cause of hypertension in RCC | Erythrocytosis due to increase erythropoietin in RCC
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| Structures excised in radical nephrectomy | Kidney, adrenal, fat, Gerota's fascia, regional lymph nodes
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| Most common primary tumor that metastasizes to kidney | Breast
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| Renal angiomyolipomas usually occur in this genetic disorder | Tuberous sclerosis
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| Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome | Multifocal and recurrent RCC, renal cysts, CNS tumors, pheochromocytomas
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| Rationale for excising renal angiomyolipomas | Excise if symptomatic, usually if >4cm
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| Most common type of bladder cancer | Transitional cell carcinoma
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| Main symptom of bladder cancer | Painless hematuria
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| Bladder cancer is more common in _________ (males/females) | Males
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| Risk factors for developing bladder cancer | Smoking, aniline dyes, cyclophosphamide
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| Treatment for stage I bladder cancer | Intravesical BCG or transurethral resection
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| Treatment for stage II bladder cancer | Cystectomy with ileal conduit, chemotherapy, radiation
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| Chemotherapy regimen used to treat bladder cancer | MVAC - methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, cisplatin
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| Cause of squamous cell carcinoma of bladder | Schistosomiasis
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