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SB82 Urology
SB82 Urology quiz questions loosely based on Fiser's ABSITE Review, 3rd edition.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Location of Gerota's fascia | Around kidney |
| Right renal artery crosses ________ (anterior/posterior) to IVC | Posterior |
| Ureters cross __________ (over/under) iliac vessels | Under |
| Reason why left renal vein can be ligated from IVC if necessary | Left renal vein has collaterals |
| Most common cause of acute renal insufficiency following surgery | Hypotension |
| Most common type of renal calculi | Calcium oxalate stones |
| Second most common type of renal calculi | Struvite aka magnesium ammonium phosphate |
| Collaterals involved with left renal vein | 1) Left adrenal vein 2) Left gonadal vein 3) Left ascending lumbar vein |
| Percentage of renal calculi that are calcium oxalate | 75% |
| Percentage of renal calculi that are struvite | 15% |
| Type of renal calculi that are always radiolucent | Uric acid stones |
| Terminal ileum resection causes increase in what type of renal calculi? | Calcium oxalate |
| Struvite stones are more common in what conditions? | Infection with urease-producing organisms (Proteus mirabilis) |
| Staghorn calculi belong to which type of renal calculus? | Struvite |
| Uric acid stones are more common in these three conditions | Ileostomies, gout, myeloproliferative disorders |
| Renal calculi: Indications for surgery (4) | Intractable pain or infection, progressive obstruction, progressive renal damage, solitary kidney |
| If kidney stone size is greater than ________, they are not likely to pass | 6 mm |
| #1 cancer killer in men ages 25-35 | Testicular cancer |
| Main symptom of testicular cancer | Painless hard testicular mass |
| Rationale during orchiectomy for testicular cancer for using an inguinal incision rather than transscrotal incision | Inguinal incision does not disrupt lymphatics |
| Most testicular masses are ____________ (benign/malignant) | Malignant |
| LDH correlates with what aspect of testicular cancer? | Tumor bulk |
| 90% of testicular tumors are ___________ | Germ cell tumors |
| Imaging for testicular cancer | US to assist in diagnosis, CXR to assess for pulmonary metastases, CT to check for retroperitoneal and mediastinal burden |
| Lab tests for testicular cancer | LDH, AFP, beta-HCG |
| What condition causes increased risk for testicular cancer? | Cryptorchidism |
| Most common type of testicular cancer in cryptorchidism | Seminoma |
| Most common testicular cancer | Seminoma |
| As opposed to seminomas, NSGCTs have an elevation of this substance | AFP |
| Testicular seminomas spread to the ____________ | Retroperitoneum |
| NSGCTs spread through the __________________ | Bloodstream |
| Seminoma is extremely sensitive to this treatment | Radiation therapy |
| Chemotherapy for seminoma patients with positive nodes, metastatic disease, or bulky retroperitoneal disease | Cisplatin, bleomycin, VP-16 |
| Areas of spread for NSGCTs | Lungs and retroperitoneum |
| NGSCTs with a ___________ component are more likely to spread to the retroperitoneum | Teratomatous |
| Treatment for stage I NSGCT | Orchiectomy and retroperitoneal node dissection |
| Most common location of prostate cancer | Posterior lobe of prostate |
| Most common site and appearance of prostate cancer metastasis | Bone, usually osteoblastic and hyperdense on X-ray |
| Treatment for Stage IA prostate cancer discovered with TURP | No treatment necessary |
| Expected PSA three weeks after prostatectomy | 0 |
| Reasons for elevated PSA | Cancer, BPH, prostatitis, repeated catheterization |
| Action of flutamide | Testosterone blocker |
| Action of leuprolide | Luteinizing hormone blocker |
| Lab test to assess metastases from prostate cancer | Alkaline phosphatase - elevated with bony metastasis |
| Most common primary tumor of kidney | Renal cell carcinoma |
| Percentage of renal cell carcinomas that are calcified | 15% |
| Triad of symptoms in RCC | Abdominal pain, hematuria, mass |
| Percentage of patient with RCC who have metastases at time of diagnosis | 33% |
| Treatment for isolated lung or liver metastases due to RCC | Wedge resection |
| Most common site for RCC metastases | Lung |
| Cause of hypertension in RCC | Erythrocytosis due to increase erythropoietin in RCC |
| Structures excised in radical nephrectomy | Kidney, adrenal, fat, Gerota's fascia, regional lymph nodes |
| Most common primary tumor that metastasizes to kidney | Breast |
| Renal angiomyolipomas usually occur in this genetic disorder | Tuberous sclerosis |
| Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome | Multifocal and recurrent RCC, renal cysts, CNS tumors, pheochromocytomas |
| Rationale for excising renal angiomyolipomas | Excise if symptomatic, usually if >4cm |
| Most common type of bladder cancer | Transitional cell carcinoma |
| Main symptom of bladder cancer | Painless hematuria |
| Bladder cancer is more common in _________ (males/females) | Males |
| Risk factors for developing bladder cancer | Smoking, aniline dyes, cyclophosphamide |
| Treatment for stage I bladder cancer | Intravesical BCG or transurethral resection |
| Treatment for stage II bladder cancer | Cystectomy with ileal conduit, chemotherapy, radiation |
| Chemotherapy regimen used to treat bladder cancer | MVAC - methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, cisplatin |
| Cause of squamous cell carcinoma of bladder | Schistosomiasis |
Created by:
StudyBug82
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