Anasiz Culture-Mr.B-SS-T1
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| Anasazi(1) | Culture that existed from about 1200 BC to 1300 AD in the 4 corners area of SW U.S. Best known for the ruins of their monumental cliff dwellings at places like Mesa Verde, which they abandoned at the end of the 13th century.
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| Anasazi(2) | Navaho (more correctly dine or dineh) word which, depending on pronunciation, means either "enemy ancestors" or "ancient people who are not us"
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| Mesa Verde | [spanish for "green platou"] 1. National park in southwestern Colorado, site of many Anasazi cliff dwellings 2. The Anasazi region around Mesa Verde. San Juan River region.
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| pueblo culture | [spanish for "town"] Indian village in the american southwest.
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| Chaco Canyon | Extensive ancient puebloan culture (circa 800 AD) in NW New Mexico; known for masive stone bulidings (great houses) of multiple stories containing hundreds of rooms, extensive roads and water control systems
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| Aztec Ruins | Anasazi village in New Mexico with the largest reconstructed ceremonial kiva
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| Bandelier | National monument containing a number of ancestral pueblos homes, multi-story dwellings, kivas (ceremonial structures), rock paintings and petroglyphs. some of the dwellings were rock stuctures built on the canyon floor (AZ)
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| Tuzigoot | Ancient hilltop agricultural pueblo in AZ the consisted of 110 one, two and three-story stuctures. (1000-1400 AD)
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| Hopi | Believed to be descended from the ancient Puebloan cultures who constructed large apartments-houses complexes in NE Arizona and NW New Mexico along the Mogollon Rim, from 1100-1300 AD, when they abandoned their large villages
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| Zuni | Like the Hopi, descendents or the Anasazi
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| Navajo | Aka "Dene" people were hunters, gatherers until the adopted Pueblo life. Known for raising sheep, blanket weaving, and pottery. the Navajo reservation in AZ is the largest in USA
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| Taos | An ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos (northern Tiwa) speaking Native American tribe of Pueblo people. still inhabited, its is approximately 1000 years old and lies about 1 mile north of the mordern city of Taos New Mexico
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| Acoma | Known as "sky city", is a Native american pueblo bulit on top of a 367- foot sandstone mesa in New Mexico. (1100 AD). it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities within the USA. known for distinctive orange, white, and black pottery
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| flint | A hard sedimentary crystalline form of the mineral quarts; can be " flacked" with a harder stone to make arrowheads, spearpoints, ect.
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| drought | An extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipition (rain or snow)
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| Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers who conquered Mexico and the American Southwest and est. a network of settlements (16th-18th century AD) forced Indaians to convert to Christianity
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| Pueblo Revolt | In 1680, after years of spanish religious persecution & brutaly, New Mexico and arizona pueblos coordinated an attack on the spanish and drove them back to Mexico. 12 yr.s later, Captain General Diego de Vargas led a bloodless reconquest
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| turquoise | An opaque, blue-to-green mineral prized by the NAVAJO AND OTHER pueblo peoples for making silver jewelry
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| sandpainting | The art of pouring colored sands, powdered pigments from minerals or crystals, and pigments from other natural sources onto a surface to make a fixed or unfixed sand paintings. often temporary ritual paintings prepared for religious or healing ceremonies
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| mano | Grinding stone. a hand-held stone used to grind grain, nuts and seeds on the larger metate
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| metate | A flat or slightly concaved stone base on which grain, nuts and seeds were ground using the smaller mano
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| Taos Pueblo | The oldest continually inhabited pueblo in America, near the upper Rio Grande canyon (NM)
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| Mogollon | [spanish for "hanger-on" or "sponger"] A separate culture which coexisted and had a commerce with the anasazi. these ancient farmers lived in what is now southern Arizona- New Mexico and northern Mexico. Named for the Mogollon Plateau
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| Hohokam | A native american culture flourishing from about the 3rd century B>C to the mid-15th century AD in south-central Arizona, noted for the construction of an extensive system of irrigation canals
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| Colorado Plateau | Roughly centered on the four corners region of the southwestern US. 90% of the area is drained by the colorado river. largly made up of deserts, with scattered areas of forest . the grand canyon is in the SW corner
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| foot holds/ hand holds | Holes carved into to the sheer rock face of cliffs so Puevlo people could climb up or down fron cliff dwellings. also made defence of their villages easier
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| nomatic | Contantly moving, never settling in one place, following food supplies and moving with the seasons
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| sedentary | Stationary; settling in one place; opposite of nomatic
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| horticulture | Cultivating plants and seeds for food
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| Pueblo diet | Constists of corn, beans, nuts, squash, pinon, fish, deer, rabbit, antelope, and birds
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| Santa Clara | the pueblo is on the rio grande, between ohkay owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo)to the north and San Lidefonso pueblo to the south. santa clara pueblo is a famous for a producig hand-crafing pottery, specifically blackware and redware with deep engraving
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| kiva (Great Kiva) | 1. a square, above-ground room used by modern day Hopifor religious and spiritual ceremonies. 2. subterranean room- usually round, generally believe to have been used by Anaszi men for religous and ceremonial purposes
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| foot drums | rectangular hardwood boards of differnt thicknesses or stretched animal hides laid across a rectangular kiva pit that make a deep resonating sound when danced upon
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| pictographs | pictures or pictures-like symbols that represent an idea or tell a story. pictographs can be found in the works of many ancient cultures on papyrus or wood, on cloth, on pottery and jewelry, painted walls
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| pottery | pueblo culture is know for the many styles of pottery from across the plateau region. each pueblo has its own distinctive style. ( see acoma and santa clara)
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| yucca plant | member of the agave family with stiff green sword-like leaves and white flowers on a tall stalk. Pueblo peoples used the rots & flowers for food, tips for needles, fibers for weaving baskets, sandles & rop, sap (aloe vera) for medicine
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| kachinas | 1. benevolent spirtual intermediaries between certain southwestern peoples and the gods. Kachinas bring good health, fertility, rain, abundance and other blessings. 2. (mondern days) dolls or images of supernatural beings
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| weaving | pueblo peoples wove decoative baskets and sandles from the fibers of the yucca plant. they wove colorful, intricate blankets from sheep's wool. Dyed with natural plant and rock materials.
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| Monument Vally | (meaning valley of the rocks)it is a region of the colorado plateau (AZ&UT) characterized by a cluster of vast sandstone buttes the largest reaching 1,000ft above the valley floor
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| cliff dwellars | native americans of the anasazi culture who were builders of the ancient cliff dwellings found in the canyons, under cliff overhangs and on the mesas of the U.S outhwest
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| Montezuma's Castle | well-preserved cliff-dwellings. they were built and used be the preclobbian sinagua people, northern cousins, of the hohokam, around 700 AD. several hopi clans trace their roots to immigrants from the Montezuma Castle/ Beaver creek area
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| hogan | the primary traditional round home of the navjo people; made of wooden ploes covered with layer of mud. doors faces east to greet the sun
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| wickiup | a temporary domed room dwelling, usually constructed of branches and reeds used by certain southwest native american tribes to provide shade and ventilation
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| maize | early form of corn
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| Fremont Culture | the fremont lived a lifestyle that revolved largely around hunting and gathering and corn horticulture. a pre- columbian archaeological culture which received its name from the fremont river in the US state of utah
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| marauders | Nomadic tribes who raided and plundered agriculture pueblos
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| Apache | one of the nomadic,hunter-gatherer, marauding tribes of the southwest plateau region. speak athabaskan
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| granary | storage room for grain made of adobe mud bricks, stone and/or wood frames. usually in high cliff locations to protect from animals and raiding tribes
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| Kayenta | regional group of the anaszi, named for the region around kayenta in northeastern Arizona. monument valley. the kayenta anasazi tribes
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| Keresan | one of the languages of the anasazi and descendants, including the people of acoma, cochiti, laguna, santa ana, santo domingo, san felipe and zia pueblos in new Mexico
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| Kokopelli | a well-known mythological hump-backed flute player in most southwestern Pueblo culture. among other things, this spiritual figure represent fertility and rain
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| Moqui or Moki (Moh-key) | a hopi word meaning "the dead" which is often used to identify their ancestors. preferred by the hopi to the dine navajo word anasazi
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| petroglyph | rock carving or rock "art" made by peaking the surface with another rock Ex: "newspaper Rock" in Holbrook, AZ
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| pinon (pee-NYHONE) | small pine tree with large edible nuts. spanish for "nut"
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| pithouse | a house built substantially underground. used by many early cultures, including the anaszi. consisted of a pit, often lined with rocks, and a roof or branches mud. ect., held up by vertical timbers, usually four
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| potsherd | fragment or piece of broken pottery. Also, "shard"
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| Puebol Bonito | [spanish for "pretty village"]the most spanish famous great houe at chaco canyon
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| Puebloan | 1.modern native american indian peoples, including those living at hopi, zuni, acoma, laguna, jenez, and zia pueblos and the 14 rio grade pueblos. 2. anasazi ancestor of the modern puebloans
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| sipapu (SEE-pah-puh) | 1. the navel of the earth from which distant puebloan ancestors are said to have emerged as they entered the present world 2.the small hole or indention in the floor of a kiva which symbolizes the people's earthly origin
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| spindle whorl | in hand spinning, the spindle is a rounded wooden rod for twisting cotton fibers into thread. the whorl is sort of a flywheel that regulates the speed of the spining wheel
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| teosindle (TEE-oh-SIN-tee) | tall grass-like native of mexico with tassel and small, hard ears. believed to be ancestor of corn
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| tree-ring dating | scientific technique of comparing a cut timber to a master calender of tree-ring growth from about 6,700 BC to the present. based on the fact that a tree grows a ring each year and the rings are narrower in dry years and wider in wet years
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| stone mortar & pestle | hollowed stone bowl and mashing toolused to grind maize, nuts, berries, pigments
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| Colorado River | 1,450 miles long river that flows southwest from the continental divide to the gulf of california. it's powerful waters formed the grand canyon over 9 million years
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| Rio Grande River | 1,896 miles long and flows southwestern colorado in the U.S to the gulf of mexico. forms the US southern border with mexico
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| Pueblo culture music | foot drums, tamborines, reed flute, turtle shell rattles used to create connections to spirit world and reflect sounds of the natural landscape
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