test one of bassich
Help!
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| what is gray matter (what makes it up) | group of nerve cell bodies clustered in the CNS
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| what is white matter | myelinated axons and dendrites
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| axons are callled____ in the CNS? PNS? | CNS- Tracts
PNS- Nerves
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| Areas of the brain that have concentrations of UMN White matter | Axons:Tracts
- pyramidal -extrapyramidal
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| Areas of the brain that have concentrations of UMN GRAY matter | -cortex -basal ganglia - cerebellum
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| Areas of the Brain that have concentrations of LMN GRAY matter | -Pons +Medulla - midbrain (Brainstem)
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| Areas of the Brain that have concentrations of LMN WHITE matter | Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
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| Afferent... | AAS --Ass
Afferent- Ascending (to CNS)- Sensory,
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| Efferent... | EMD- Eat my d**k
Efferent-Motor-Descending (from CNS)
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| Deficiency of Dopamine results in... | insufficient cortical motor output. -Hypokentic dysarthria
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| importance of myelin | allows electrical impulses to travel faster and more efficiently
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| Automaticity | Preserved action that doesn't take thought
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| Example of automatic tasks | stereotypical phrases - recitation tasks - singing
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| LMN terms | PNS, Spinal & Cranial nerves, Final Common Pathway
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| Pyramidal System (corticobulbar) | (I-95) direct route from area 4 to CN nuclei - only 1 synapse
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| Extrapyramidal System | (route 1) -indirect route to CN nuclei - many synapses
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| Why do we need both routes to be intact for normal speech? | The Ex.P system serves to refine the crude intial impulses from area 4 by giving feedback
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| Areas that have topographical organization: | Primary motor cortex, sensory cortex, Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), subthalmic nucleus.
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| Definition : Topographical Organization | when a particular area controls specific muscles in the body
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| Structures involved in Motor PROGRAMMING | -SMA -BG -Lateral cerebellum -Fronto-limbic system -motor cortex (area 4)
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| Structure involves in Execution | -SMA -Cerebellum -Basal Ganglia -Motor cortex (area 4) -Thalamus -brainstem
-Motorunits (LMN)
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| Structures involved in motor Planning | -Brocas -Wernikes -Prefrontal cortex -Area6 -SMA -Areas 5&7
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| Dual Roles in planning Programing and Execution | SMA (all 3) - Cerebellum (prg & ex)
-BG (pr & ex) - Motor;A4 (pr & ex).
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| For Aunt Tilly case, Remember: | Suspect=Left CVA , area 4
Clues- lang deficits, right paresis
Call ambulance, drugs to minimize damage
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| Ataxic Dysarthria | Cerebellum
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| Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria | lower half of area 4 / unilateral acute cerebral hemispheres or subcortical areas
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| Spastic Dysarthria | Bilateral chronic (UMN)
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| Hypokenetic Dysarthria | Basal Ganglia - Substantia Nigra
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| Flaccid Dysarthria | PNS/ CN nuclei or neurmuscular junction
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| Hyperkenetic Dysarthria | Basal Ganglia- Striatum
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| CN: V | Trigeminal
Motor- jaw elevation
Sensory- head & facial sensation, anterior 2/3 of tongue (pressure), gums &velum
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| CN: VII | Facial
Motor- upper face, lower face (cheeks, lips)
Sensory- taste to anterior 2/3
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| CN: IX | Glossopharyngeal
Motor- soft palate
Sensory- taste & pressure of posterior 1/3 of tongue
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| CN: X | Vagus
Motor- laryngeal mvmt
sensory- none
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| IX & X share the same nucleus called... | Nucleus ambiguus
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| CN XII | Hypoglossal
Motor- tongue
Sensory- none
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| What 2 other disorders coexist in a person who has apraxia? | Aphasia and Unilateral Upper motor neuron dysarthria
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| Operculum | - aka Insula,- little lid - BG is located under
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| Cerebellum is responsible for | coordination, balance, sequencing
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| difference between Ataxia and Apraxia | Ataxia: problems in motor programming/execution (discordination)
Apraxia: problems in motor planning
Both: trouble sequencing phonemes (via DDK test)
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| 80/20 - Unilateral UMNs | Lower face : cheeks & lips
Limbs : Arms & legs
tongue
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| 50/50 Bilateral UMNs | Upper face: forehead,brows,eye lids
Larynx:VFs
Pharynx:velum
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| UMN descript | -CNS -Tracts - Decussation
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| LMS descript | -PNS -Nerves (CN & Spinal) -Do Not Decussate
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| Framework: Environment | "environment in which speaking occurs;noise,lighting,communication partners, access.
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| Framework: Activity | "Act/difficulty speaking"
Hint: Speaks/speaking. Not an articulator. ex : soft voice, monotone, inflection
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| Framework: Impairment | "weak, imprecise movements/production"
Hints: Anatomical body parts,articulators. Physiological measure.
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| Framework: Participation | "everyday speaking situations"
Hints: QoL reference, social
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