T4-Methods-Lower Ort
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| Bechterew’s? | Patient is seated and actively raises each leg sep, doc presses downwards on femur, POS=radiating leg px, IND=Lumbar disc issue
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| Bowstring sign? | Patient lies supine, doctor raise leg up, first pushes on hamstrings, and if hamstrings don’t elicit a response, then popliteal fossa POS=px in lumbar region or radiculopathy IND=nerve root compression
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| Braggards? | Same as Fajersztajn’s-If px during SLR or Lasegue test, leg lowered below pt of discomfort and foot sharpely dorsiflexed POS=px is increased IND=sciatic neuritis, spinal cord tumors, IVD lesion, and spinal nerve irritations
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| Double Leg Raise? | Both of patients legs are raised simultaneously and if px is produced earlier than single leg raise, usually indicates that there is disc disease and instability
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| Femoral nerve traction? | Patient lies on their side with affected side up, doc flexes and extends knee POS=radicular px on anterior thigh IND=femoral nerve irritation
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| Kemps test? | sitting or standing, rotate patient away, and then obliquely, extended, and medially, POS=px that radietss down the lower extremities; Indicates=facet encroachment, fx or disc involvement, local px is sprain/strain-standing=facets, and seated =disc
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| Linder’s Test? | Patient is either seated or supine and head is flexed forward POS=px in lumbar region or along the sciatic nerve distribution IND=nerve root lesion, or SOL
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| Milgram’s Test? | patient lays supine and lifts both legs 6 inches off of the table and holds for as long as possible POS=low back pain IND=herniated disc, and rule out a pathological condition of intrathecal origin.
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| Neri’s Sign? | As the patient bends forward, the patient bends knee of affected side. Positive=if the knee bends, or if the bending causes px in the leg; Indicates=lower disc problems, as well as ls and si strain subluxations
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| Sicards? | If SLR is positive, lower leg so that pain goes away, and then dorsiflex the big toe. POS=If it reproduces radicular symptoms IND=sciatic neuritis, nerve root problem, SOL
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| SLR test? | doc raises leg off of the table using their heal, and hand on knee POS=limited ROM due to px, then pos IND=sciantic from LS or SI, disc lesion, spondylolisthesis, adhesions, IVF occlusion, exacerbated px indicates sensitized nerve root, SOL
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| Iliac compression test? | Patient lies on side and doc places pressure L to M POS=Px in SI joint IND=SI lesion
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| Thomas test? | patient lies supine and raises the unaffected knee into their chest POS=affected knee or leg lifts off of the table IND=contracture of the iliopsoas
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| Gaenslen’s? | Patient lies supine, and flexes knee into chest, doctor applies pressure to knee and extended (affected femur) POS=px in SI joint or referred down thigh IND=SI dysfunction; if no px could mean ls lesion
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| Ely’s? | Patient prone. Doc flexes heel to opposite ass cheek, and then knee hyper extended POS=not being able to perform this test IND=femoral radiation from lower, upper lumbar nerve root irritation, iliopsoas sleeve if hyper extension can’t be performed
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| Nachlas? | patient lies prone, doc flexes heel to ipsliateral buttocks POS=px in SI joint, LS area, or if px radiates down the thigh or leg IND=SI or LS disorder, or femoral traction
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| Adams/Belt? | first the patient (with back px) bends over, and doc notes how much dorsoflex is needed produce px, doc stabilizes pelvis and patients bends forward-if symptoms reproduced you can determine it lumbar in nature rather than pelvic
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| Hibb’s test? | patient lays prone, and doc flexes knee to 90, and then internally rotates femur (heel outside of buttocks) POS=pelvic px IND=sacralilliac px
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| Yeoman’s? | Patient lies prone, doc places hand on affected SI, flexes knee to 90 degress, and then picks up knee hyperextending hip POS=SI px IND=SI lesion
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| Patricks? | FABRE, Patient lies supine and doc cross ankle over opposite knee (Figure 4), and applies pressure to knee and opposite iliac crest POS=Px in the hip IND=coxa pathologic condition
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| Smith-Peterson? | Patient supine and doc palpates lumbar spinous, as the leg is raised if px is experienced before spinous move=SI issue, if after they move it is more likely a LS issue. If one can be raised way more than the other it is more likely to be an SI issue.
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| Well Leg Raise? | Patient lies supine, and their unaffected leg is raised. If pain occurs in other leg, it is indicative of a disc herniations
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| Laguerre’s? | Same as Patricks, but you put your forearm under their leg
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| Kernig/Brudzinski? | Patient lies supine, and as their head is flexed forward, if their knees flex this is positive, then knees are raised to 90/90 and leg is extended. If opposite knee flexes it is positive also. Indicative of meningitis
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