Physics: DC and AC Circuits - KAPLAN/MCAT in a box
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| Permittivity of Free Space, ε0 | A term denoted by ε0 used in the calculation of capacitance, give by the equation C = ε0 A/d, where A is the area of one plate and d is the distance between the plates.
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| Node | The point of zero displacement in a standing wave
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| Longitudinal Wave | Type of wave, such as sound, whose oscillation is along the direction of it's motion
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| Dieletric Constant | A dimensionless number that indicates the factor by which capacitance is increased when a dielectric is placed in between the plates of a capacitor, given by C' = KC, where C' is the new capacitance.
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| Direct Current | Current that flows through a conductor in one direction only.
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| Electric Circuit | A conducting pathway that contains one or more voltage sources that drive an electric current along that pathway and through connected passive circuit elements (such as resistors).
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| Electromotive Force | The energy gained by an electron when it is accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt, given by qV where q is 1.6 x 10^-19 C and V is 1 volt.
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| Electron Volt | The voltage created by a potential difference between the two terminals of a cell when no current is flowing.
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| Insulator | A material in which electrons canot move freely.
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| Kirchhoff's Laws (A) | A) In accordance with the conservation of electric charge, the sum of currents directed into a node or junction point in a circuit equals the sum of the current directed away from that point.
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| Kirchhoff's Laws (B) | B) The sum of the voltage sources in a circuit loop is equal to the sum of voltage drops along that loop.
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| Ohm' Law | Law stating that the voltage drop across a resistor is proportional to the current flowing through it, given by the equation V = I R.
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| Resistivity | Intrinsic property of a conductor denoted by R = ρ L/A, where L is the length of the conductor and A is its cross-sectional area.
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| RMS Current | A quantity used to calculate the average power dissipated in an AC circuit, given by I[max] = √2. This equation must be used because the average current, when calculated by conventional means, equals 0 as a result of the periodic nature of that current.
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| RMS Voltage | V[max] = √2; the average voltage in an AC circuit, where the voltage alternates in a sinusoidal pattern.
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| Amplitude | The point of maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
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| Conductor | A material in which electrons can move with relative ease.
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| Dielectric | An insulating material placed between the two plates of a capacitor. If the circuit is plugged into a current source, more charge will be stored in the capacitor. If not plugged into a current source, the voltage of the capacitor will decrease.
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| Power Dissipated by Resistor | The rate at which the energy of flowing charges through a resistor is dissipated, given by the equation P = I V.
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| Resistance | The natural tendency of a conductor to block current flow to a certain extent resulting in loss of energy or potential. Resistance is equal to the ratio of the voltage applied to the resulting current.
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