Chp 1 History
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| What factors are most important in the essential balance? | Personal beliefs, international beliefs, Social status, Globalization.
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| Essential Balance | Freedom vs Equality, Freedom vs Security
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| Article 3 | Judicial, Vague. Establishes a Supreme court as highest in the land
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| What factors are most important in the essential balance? | Personal beliefs, international beliefs, Social status, Globalization.
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| Essential Balance | Freedom vs Equality, Freedom vs Security
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| National Sovereignty | Government has the right to govern the people within their national territory.
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| Examples of National Sovereignty | Human Rights/Humanitarian work, Threats to world peace
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| Law and Order (Maintaining Order) | Preserving Life and Property
Strong prey on the weak
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| Promote Equality | Redistribution of Wealth, (20th Century) European Welfare Program (Cradle to Grave)
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| Government Framework | Freedom, Order, Equality
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| Political Equality | One Person one Vote
Does not exist without Social Equality
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| 2 Dilemmas of Government | Original - Freedom Vs Order
Modern - Freedom Vs Equality
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| Political Ideology | Consistent set of values about the proper purpose of government
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| Democracy | Direct - all citizens come together to decide issues (Impossible in large countries)
Indirect - People elect a president
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| Popular Sovereignty | The people are the source of Government
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| Political Liberty | Basic Freedoms allow people to form political opinions (Bill of Rights)
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| Declaration of Independence | Was developed after the US became independent from Britain, after the French and Indian War
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| Dec. Of Ind. was written by _____ Social contract theory | Thomas Jefferson
Rulers rule by consent of the ruled
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| Articles of Confederation | During the Revolutionary war
Very weak; no power to levy taxes, no leadership, no control over commerce (money)
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| Constitutional Convention | 1787 - formed to revise Articles
two plans were put forward- Virginia and New Jersey
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| Virginia Plan | Divide National Power (Legislative, Executive, Judicial)
Bicameral
Representation based on population
Supreme court
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| New Jersey Plan | Unicameral
Multi-person executive - No veto power
Supreme court with limited power
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| Great Compromise | Included most of the Virginia Plan with equal representation
Bicameral - Strong executive branch
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| Constitutional Principles | Republicanism - people elect others
Federalism - States hold come sovereignty
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances - Each branch can limit the power of others
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| Article 1 | Legislative Branch -
Created Bicameral Legislature
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| Enumerated Powers | Powers are limited
Necessary and proper clause
Gives Congress authority to make laws
Allows flexibility to run gov.
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| Article 2 | Executive Branch
Outlined terms of office
3 consitutional duties - Commerce in Chief, report state to union, take care of laws.
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| Article 4 | Full faith and credit. State laws of one state are respected by the rest
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| Article 5 | Amendment process
Establishing procedures to change the constitution
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| Article 6 | Supremacy clause - Supreme law of the land
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| Article 7 | Ratification - Outlines procedure for accepting the const.
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| 3/5 compromise | Slavery elimination
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| Federalists Anti Federalists | Strong nat. power
Felt there was not enough protection
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| Bill of Rights | 10 added for individual rights
10,000 proposed only 27 ratified
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| Marbury vs Madison | Established judicial review
Supreme court has authority to determine laws
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| National Position | Federal system is like a marble cake, state and national powers overlap
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| States rights position | There is a firm demarcation, even tension between the national and state gov, (Layer cake)
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| Dual Federalism | States have sovereignty within their borders
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| McCulloch v Maryland | Found that states could not tax the national gov
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| 2 Grants that support Nationalist View | Categorical and Block
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| Categorical | Formula grants - Given out based on poverty level
Project grants - Basis of competitive applications
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| Block Grants | awarded to districts
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| Federalism | Believe that states should be more independent from national control.
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| Liberals | believe that citizens need to be protected against local businesses, discrimination, and inequality
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| Preemption | Congress can use laws to restrict state discretionary powers
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| 2 forms of preemption | Mandate -Requirement that state provide services to reach minimum national standard.
Restraint - forbids a state from exercising a certain right
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| Core Beliefs of America | Individualism - people receive rewards based on their own devices
Free Enterprise - people use private property to their own advantage
Distrust in Government - Unlimited gov. power infringes on individual liberty
Democracy and Freedom
Populism
Religi
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