Gen Exam 1
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| show | Complete set of genetic instructions for an organism
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| Trnamission Genetics | show 🗑
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| Molecular Genetics | show 🗑
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| Population Genetics | show 🗑
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| Model Genetic Organism | show 🗑
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| show | Early concept of heredity proposing that particles carry genetic information from different parts of the body to the reproductive organs.
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| show | early notion of inheritance proposing that acquired traits are passed to descendants.
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| show | early concept of inheritance proposing that a miniature adult resides in either the egg or the sperm and increases in size during developmentm with all traits beinf inherited from the parent that contributes to homunculus
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| show | early concept of heredity proposing that offspring possess a mixture of of the traits from both parents
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| show | states that all life is composed of cells, that cells arise only from other cells, and that the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in livign organisms
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| show | states that cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of genetic information
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| Prokaryote | show 🗑
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| show | organism with a complex cell structure including a nuclear envelope and membrane bounded organelles. 1 of the 3 primary divsions of life, include unicellular and multicellular forms
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| show | 1 of the 3 primary divisions of life. consists of unicellular organisms with prokaryotic cells and include most of common bacteria
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| archaea | show 🗑
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| show | space in eukaryotic cell that is enclosed by the nuclear envelope and contains the chromosomes
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| show | low-molecular-weight protein found in eukaryotes that complexes with DNA to form chromosomes
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| Chromatin | show 🗑
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| homologous pair | show 🗑
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| show | possessing two sets of chromosomes (2 genomes)
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| show | possessing a single set of chromosomes (one genome)
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| telomere | show 🗑
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| show | 2 copies of a chromosome that are held together at the centromere. each chromatid consists of a single DNA molecule.
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| show | stages through which a cell passes from one cell division to the next
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| show | period in the cell cycle b/w the cell divisions. In interphase, the cell grows, develops, and prepares for cell division
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| show | period of active cell division; includes mitosis and cytokinesis
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| show | process by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides
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| cytokinesis | show 🗑
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| prophase | show 🗑
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| show | stage of mitosis, chromosomes algin in the center of the cell
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| show | stage of mitosis in which chromatids seperate and move toward the spindle poles
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| show | stage of mitosis, chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles, the nuclear membrane re forms and the chromosomes relax and lengthen
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| show | process in which chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell divide to give rise to haploid reproductive cells. consists of 2 divisions meiosis I and II
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| show | fusion of gametes or sex cells to form a gamete
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| prophase I | show 🗑
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| show | close pairing of homologous chromosomes
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| bivalent | show 🗑
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| show | the four products of meiosis; all 4 chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes
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| crossing over | show 🗑
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| metaphase I | show 🗑
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| show | stage in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes seperate and move toward the spindle poles
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| show | stage of meiosis I chromosomes arrive at spindle poles
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| Prophase II | show 🗑
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| show | stage of meiosis II, indivudual chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
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| anaphase II | show 🗑
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| telophase II | show 🗑
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| show | sorting of alleles into new combinations
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| spermatogenesis | show 🗑
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| show | egg production in animals
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| gene | show 🗑
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| show | one of two or more alternate forms of a gene
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| Locus | show 🗑
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| genotype | show 🗑
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| show | refers to an individual organism that posseses two identical alleles at a locus
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| show | refers to an individual organism that posseses two different alleles at a locus
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| show | appearance of a characteristic
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| monohybrid cross | show 🗑
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| show | first set of parents in a genetic cross
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| F1 (First Filial) generation | show 🗑
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| F2 (Second Filial) generation | show 🗑
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| dominant | show 🗑
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| recessive | show 🗑
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| principle of segregation | show 🗑
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| Concept of Dominance | show 🗑
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| show | al
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| show | Cross b/w an F1 individual and one of the parental genotypes
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| Punnett Square | show 🗑
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| probability | show 🗑
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| Multiplication rule | show 🗑
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| addition rule | show 🗑
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| show | a cross b/w an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual with the homozygous recessive genotype
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| show | refers to the phenotype of a heterozygous that is intermediate b/w the phenotypes of the two homozygotes
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| wild type | show 🗑
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| show | a cross b/w 2 individuals that differ in 2 characteristics, a cross b/w individuals that are homozygous for differnt alleles at the 2 loci (AABB x aabb) or ( AaBb x AaBb)
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| show | genes encoding differnt characteristics seperate independently; applies only to genes located on different chromosomes or to genes far apart on the same chromosomes
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| show | statistical test used to evaluate how well a set of observed values fit the expected values. The probablitly associated with chi value is the prob. that the differences b/w the observed and the expected values may be due to chance
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| show | pictoral representation of a family history outlining the inheritance of one or more traits or diseases
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| show | a person with a trait or disease for whom a pedigree is constructed
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| show | mating b/w related individuals
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| sex | show 🗑
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| sex determination | show 🗑
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| show | chromosomes that differ morphologically or in number in males and females
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| show | chromosome that is the same in males and females; nonsex chromosome
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| show | the sex that produces 2 types of gametes with respect to sex chromosomes.
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| homogametic sex | show 🗑
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| genic sex determination | show 🗑
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| genic balance system | show 🗑
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| show | ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of haploid autosomal sets of chromosome; determines sex in fruit flies
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| show | human condition where cells contain a single X chrom. and no Y chrom.(XO) They are female in appereance but do not undergo puberty and have poorly developed female secondary sex characteristics; most are sterile but have normal intelligence
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| show | human condition in which cells contain one or more Y chromosomes along with mutliple X chromosomes, people are male in appearance but frequently have small testes, slight breast enlargement, and reduced facial and pubic hair.
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| Triplo-X syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | On the Y chromosome, a gene that triggers male development; also known as the testes deter. gene
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| sex-linked characteristic | show 🗑
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| x-linked characteristic | show 🗑
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| show | char. deter. by a gene or genes on the Y chromosomes
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| hemizygosity | show 🗑
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| show | equalization in males and femaled of the amount of protein produced by X-linked genes.
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| barr body | show 🗑
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| lyon hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | type of allel interaction in which the heterzygote simultaneously expresses traits of both homozygotes
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| incomplete penetrance | show 🗑
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| show | percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that express the phenotype expected of that genotype.
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| show | degree to which a gene os expressed
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| show | causes the death of an individual organism, often early in development, and so the organism does not appear in the progeny of a genetis cross. recessive lethal alleles kill individual organisms rhat are homozygous for the allele; dominant lethals kill
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| show | both heterzygous and homozygotes
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| multiple alleles | show 🗑
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| show | interaction b/w genes at a differnt loci that affct the same characteristic.
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| epistatsis | show 🗑
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| epistatic gene | show 🗑
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| show | gene that is masked or supressed by the action of a gene at a different locus
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| show | test designed to deter. whether two differnt mutations are at the same locus. 2 individuals that are homozygous for 2 independently derived mutations are crossed.
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| complementation | show 🗑
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| sex-influenced charcteristic | show 🗑
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| show | encoded by autosomal genes and expressed in onyl one sex. Both males and females carry genes for sex-limited char., but the char. appear in only one of the sexes.
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| cytoplasmic inheritance | show 🗑
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| show | determines the phenotype of the offspring. with genetic maternal effect, an offspring inherits genes for the characteristics fvrom both parents, but hte offspring's phenotype is determined not by its own genotype but by the nuclear genotype of its mother.
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| show | differential expression of a gene that depends on the sex of the parent that transmitted the gene. if the gene is inherited from the father, its expression is differnt from that if it is inherited from the mother
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| show | phenomena due to alterations to DNA that do not include changes in the base sequence;often affect the way in which the DNA sequences are expressed. Such alterations are often stable and heritable in the sense that they are from one cell to the other.
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| temperature-sensitive allele | show 🗑
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| phenocopy | show 🗑
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| show | exhibits only in a few, easily distinguished phenotypes. An example is seed shape in which seeds are either round or wrinkled
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| show | displays a large number of possible phenotypes that are not easily distinguished, such as human height
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| quantitative characteristic | show 🗑
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| show | encoded by genes at many loci
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| show | a single genotype influences many phenotypes
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| show | determined by many multiple genes and environmental factors.
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Created by:
jmours
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