Phenotypes, precursors, etc.
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| What is the frequency of the O phenotype in the population? | 45%
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| What is the frequency of the A phenotype in the general population? | 40%
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| What is the frequency of the B phenotype in the general population? | 11%
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| What is the frequency of the AB phenotype in the general population? | 4%
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| What is the order of ABO types from the type with the most H substance to the type with the least H substance? | O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B
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| What is the Bombay phenotype? | It is an h amorph
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| What sugar does the Bombay phenotype lack on its precursor? | L-fucose
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| How are Bombay individuals' rbcs differentiated from a normal type O individual? | They are tested with the anti-H lectin
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| What is the sugar and enzyme responsible for the A antigen? | N-acetyl-galactose-amine and N-acetylgalactose-aminyltransferase
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| What is the sugar and enzyme responsible for the B antigen? | D-galactose and D-galactosyl-transferase
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| What is the sugars and enzmes responsible for the AB antigens? | N-acetyl-galactose-amine and N-acetylgalactose-aminyltransferaseand D-galactose and D-galactosyl-transferase
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| What is the sugar and enzyme responsible for the O antigen? | L-fucose and alpha -2-L-fucosyltransferaseThe H antigen
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| What is the name of the precursor substance on rbcs that the ABO antigens are built upon? | Type 2 oligosaccharide chain
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| What is the cis-AB phenomenon? | A person inherits both AB genes from one parent and an O gene from the other parent
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| What is Acquired B Antigen? | It is associated with disease of the digestive tract when bacterial enzymes modify the blood group "A" sugar
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| How is an ABO discrepancy caused by Acquired B antigen resolved? | The cells can be washed again and retyped
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| What is done in neonatal blood typing? | The cord cells are washed 4-8 times to remove Wharton's jelly
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| What ABO discrepancy may be associated with elderly or immunocompromised patients and how would it be resolved? | They may have weak or missing antibodies in the back type. Resolve this by incubating at RT for 15 mins or in the refrig
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| What ABo discrepancy could chimerism cause? | a mixed field reaction due to the presence of two cell populations in a single individual. Check transfusion history
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| What subgroups of A could cause a red cell discrepancy and how would you detect this? | A2 - could have anti-A1 in plasma and react with A cells
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| What discrepancy could rouleux cause and how would you solve it? | it would cause a false pos due to inc plasma proteins
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| how would you resolve a cold alloantibody or autoantibody? | Run a short cold antibody screen
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| What type of rbcs and ffp should be released for transfusion if an ABO discrepancy cannot be resolved in an emergency? | O neg(if don't know if neg or pos) cells and AB FFP
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| What is the Rh null phenotype? | They are negative for all of the Rh antigens due to either the absence of the regulator gene or an inheritance of an amorphic gene
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| What is the Rh mod phenotype? | There is a partial suppression of the Rh gene expression which leads to a weak Rh antigen expression
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| How is weak D testing done? | It requires AHG to detect it
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| compare genetic weak D to Partial D phenotype to C Trans. | Genetic weak D is an inherited gene that codes for a weakened expression of a D antigen which has less D antigen sites on the cellPartial D means one or more of the epitopes of the D antigen are missing
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| How are weak D positive donor units labeled? | Positive
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| Which specimens do and do not need weak D testing and why? | Cord cells and donor cells need weak D testing
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| What is the antibody class | optimum temperature of reactivity and clinical significance of Rh antibodies?
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| What is the Weiner conversion of Dce | R0
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| What is the Weiner conversion of DCe? | R1
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| What is the Weiner conversion of DcE? | R2
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| What is the Weiner conversion of DCE? | Rz
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| What is the Weiner conversion of dce? | r
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| What is the Weiner conversion of dCe? | r'
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| what is the Weiner conversion of dcE? | r''
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| What is the Weiner conversion of dCE? | ry
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| What is the genotype frequency of DCe/dce (R1r)? | 33%
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| What is the genotype frequency of DCe/DCe (R1R1)? | 18%
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| What is the genotype frequency of dce/dce (rr)? | 15%
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| What is the genotype frequency of DCe/DcE (R1R2)? | 11%
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| What is the genotype frequency of DcE/dce (R2r)? | 9%
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| What is the genotype frequency of DcE/DcE (R2R2)? | 2%
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| what is the genotype frequency of dCe/dce (r'r)? | 1%
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| What is the genotype frequency of dcE/dce (r''r)? | 1%
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| What is the genotype frequency of Dce/dce (R0r)? | 2%
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| If you get the antigen typing results:D + C+ E+ c+ e+what is the most likely genotype? | DCe/DcE or R1R2
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| If you get the antigen typing results:D+ C= E+ c+ e+What is the most likely genotype? | DcE/dce or R2r
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| If you get the antigen typing results:D+ C+ E= c+ e+what is the most likely genotype? | DCe/dce or R1r
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| If you get the antigen typing results:D+C+ E+ c= e+ what is the most likely genotype? | DCe/DCE or R1Rz
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| If you get the antigen typing results:D+ C+ E+ c+ e=what is the most likely genotype? | DcE/dCE or R2ry
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| if you get the antigen typing results:D+ C= E= c+ e+what is the most likely genotype? | Dce/dce or R0r
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| If you get the antigen typing results:D+ C+ E= c= e+ what is the most likely genotype? | DCe/DCe or R1R1
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| If you get the antigen typing results:D+ C+ E+ c= e= what is the most likely genotype? | DCE/dCE or Rzry
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| If you get the antigen typing results:D+ C= E+ c+ e= what is the most likely genotype? | DcE/DcE or R2R2
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| if you get the antigen typing results:d= C+ E+ c+ e+ what is the most likely genotype? | dCE/dce or ryr
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| if you get the antigen typing results:d= C= E+c+e+ what is the most likely genotype? | dcE/dce or r''r
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| If you get the antigen typing results:d=C+E=c+e+ what is the most likely genotype? | dCe/dce or r'r
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| If you get the antigen typing results:d=C+E+c=e+ what is the most likely genotype? | dCE/dCe or ryr'
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| If you get the antigen typing results:d=C+E+c+e= what is the most likely genotype? | dcE/dCE or r''ry
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| If you get the antigen typing results:d=C=E=c+e+ what is the most likely genotype? | dce/dce
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| If you get the antigen typing results:d=C+E=c=e+ what is the most likely genotype? | dCe/dCe or r'r'
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| If you get the antigen typing results:d=C+E+c=e= what is the most likely genotype? | dCE/dCE or ryry
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| If you get the antigen typing results:d=C=E+c+e= what is the most likely genotype? | dcE/dcE or r''r''
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| How would an ABO discrepancy be handled in an emergency situation | in regard to both packed cells and plasma?
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| What is the significance of a positive Rh control? | It would mean the weak D test is invalid.
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| What would a Bombay phenotype type and screen look like in a reference lab? | O type and screen would be all positive.
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