ASCP Histology Tech: Processing/Instrumentation
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| dehydrating agents | alcohol, acetone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (last two are universal solvents)
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| incomplete dehydration results in | mushy soft sections
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| the dye-check solution of eosin can only be added to ________, not isopropanol | ethanol (dehydratant)
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| __________ cannot be used in processors or with isopropanol | Drierite (dehydratant)
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| clearing agents must be miscible with ______ and _______. | dehydratant and paraffin
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| a reagent that CANNOT be used for dehydrating tissues is: | benzene (clearnat)
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| paraffin used for embedding is ___ degrees celsius. | 53 degrees celsius
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| one disadvantage using dioxane for processing is | it is TOXIC
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| one xylene disadvantage is | it is likely to harden tissue
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| routine use paraffin melting point should be | 55 to 58 degrees C
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| which is not a clearing agent? chloroform/ethanol/dioxane/xylene | ethanol (dehydratant)
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| overheating of paraffin used for embedding may cause | cracking of the block
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| one advantage of paraffin use is | serial sections are easy to obtain
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| when cutting a block, if the tissue seems hard and brittle... | overheated paraffin
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| SOFT paraffin is most useful when _______ sections are desired. | thick
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| when used for clearing, cedar wood oil must be followed by | xylene (clearant)
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| paraffin is cooled rapidly as possible after embedding to prevent | formation of large crystals
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| dehydration and clearing steps can be omitted when | using water-soluble wax (embedding medium)
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| ETHYL ALCOHOL | BEST DEHYDRATANT!!!
PEL=1,000 /
60-65-95-95-absolute
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| denatured alcohol | ethanol + methanol or ethanol + isopropanol (dehydratant)
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| METHYL ALCOHOL | POISONOUS dehydratant, NOT USED ALONE PEL=200 / not for skin; breaks down to formaldehyde; causes blindness and death
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| Dioxane | a UNIVERSAL SOLVENT which is faster, less shrinkage than ethanol, toxic, rarely used / PEL-OSHA=100 /PEL-NIOSH=1
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| ISOPROPANOL | a dehydratant that CANNOT BE USED IN PLACE OF ETHANOL WHEN STAINING! PEL=400
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| Acetone | (dehydratant) PEL-OSHA=1,000 / PEL-NIOSH=250 / (rapid, cheap, but absorbs water from the air) USED IN TOUCH PREPS OR FAST FIXES. CAN ALSO BE USED LIKE A UNIVERSAL SOLVENT.
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| BUTYL ALCOHOL | 4 PLANTS AND ANIMAL MATERIAL! PEL=100 (dehydratant)
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| Tertiary Butanol | (dehydratant)odorous, expensive, solidifies at room temperature,MIXES WITH WATER, ETHANOL, XYLENE / PEL=100
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| Tetrahydrofuran | a universal solvent that is miscible in lower alcohols, water, xylene, toluene, benzene, chloroform, acetone,melted parrafin. less toxic than dioxane. PEL=200 / offensive odor, causes conjunctivitis/ BEST UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
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| PEL=100 / used as clearing agent in most labs | xylene (clearant)
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| Toluene | BEST HYDROCARBON CLEARING AGENT, PEL=50, STEL=150 /not as hard as xylene
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| Benzene | fast, does not over-harden, WILL HARDEN MUSCLE, TENDON, UTERUS more than TOLUENE // PEL=10
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| XYLENE SUBSTITUTES ARE | ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS AND LIMONENE
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| CHLOROFORM PEL=50 | chloroform is carcinogenic
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| water soluble waxes | CARBOWAX: dehydrating and clearing unnecessary. Infiltrates tissue directly from fixative.BAD: floating out occurs
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| a nitrocellular compound used for embedding (i. Parloidion). storage blocks held in 80% alcohol. hardened with chloroform. mixed with ether and absolute alcohol to prepare. | celloidin
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| great for undecalcified bone, kidney, bone marrow, lymph node biopsies | GMA Glycol Methacrylate , acrylic resin which is miscible with water.
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| 5% aqueous formic acid will | decalcify most bones in 3 to 5 days
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| celloidin MUST BE | dehydrated
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| ethylene glycol monoethyl ether | a dehydratant that retains tissues for extended periods of time. more than ethanol or 70% alcohol
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| sections processed by _______ method show less shrinkage than when processed by paraffin. | celloidin
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| best processing for enzyme demonstration | frozen sections
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| ion exchange resin & electrolytic methods of decalcification are considered | acid methods
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| these agents EDTA)bind certain metals | chelating agents
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| 30% sucrose | best way to get frozen sections from formalin fixed, unprocessed tissue, by infiltrating in this
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