ASCP Histology Prep: STAINING
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| If overstain w/ methylene blue counterstain in acid-fast procedure, you remove the excess color by ____ | differentiating in 95% alcohol or in acid-alcohol and restain
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| stains that detect fungi | PAS for fungi; Grocott's methanamine silver nitrate; Gridley
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| what color is a positive result for H. pylori using the Giemsa stain? | dark blue
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| color of GRAM NEGATIVE organism using the Gram stain? | RED
(neg-red)
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| what are the names of the acid fast stains | Kinyoun/
Fite/
Ziehl Neelsen/
Auramine-Rhodamine
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| H. pylori detection stains are | Diff Quik/Giemsa/Alcian Yellow-Toluidine Blue/Steiner
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| What is the genus name for the bacteria identified with acid-fast stain. | Mycobacteria
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| What color is the background stained with acid fast stains? | blue
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| What color does spirochetes stain? | BLACK
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| What step must be added to the fite acid fast stain? | xylene peanut oil solution to deparaffinize in order to protect leprosy capsule
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| What stains the leprosy organism? | Fite acid-fast stain
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| What are the steps of the acid fast stain procedure? | Carbol fuchsin - differetiate w/acid alcohol- wash in running water- counterstain in methylene blue- rinse with water, dehydrate, clear, coverslip
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| What color does H.Pylori stain using Diff Quik? | blue violet
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| what are the steps of the gram stain? | crystal violet- gram's iodine - safranin or basic fuchsin
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| What color do GRAM POSITIVE organisms stain using Gram stain? | blue or violet
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| What color signifies a positive result for acid fast? | red
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| What does Gram stain differentiate between? | gram(+) and gram(-) organisms
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| what color does H. pylori stain with Steiner? | black
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| What stain detects spirochetes? | Steiner/Wathin-Starry
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| With GMS (Grocott's methanimine silver nitrate), what color does fungi stain? | BLACK
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| What is the most recognized pigment? | melanin
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| most common exogenous pigments | carbon/iron/lipochromes
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| What pigment can bind silver? | melanin
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| 3 most common artifactual pigments | formalin/mercury/chromium
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| 5 common endogenous pigments | melanin/hemosiderin/urates/bile/lipofuchsin
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| Van Gieson stain results | blue/black nuclei; RED COLLAGEN
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| PAS is used for ________ mucosubstances | NEUTRAL
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| In metachromatic staining, ___ can be varied to differ acid mucins | pH
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| To suppress background staining in Congo Red procedure, _________________ is used. | Sodium Chloride
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| Alcian Blue/ PAS is used to differentiate between ________. | Acid & Neutral Mucosubstances
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| is birerefringet | formalin
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| PAS diastese | shows sites in the tissue where the glycogen was removed (digested).
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| Colloidal Iron binds with acid mucosubstances in what reaction and stains blue? | Prussian blue reaction.
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| FITE stains what? | Mycobacterium (RED)
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| Prepare a 10% solution of 37%-40% formalin with | 9 parts water adn one part stock solution formalin.
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| Paraformaldehyde is used in ____ labs to yield pure solution of formaldehyde, which do not contain _________. | EM labs/Methanol
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| ______ helps to prevent polymerization | methanol
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| cross links quickly but binds slowly | formaldehyde
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| Black acid hematin forms when formalin pH is below ____ in blood rich tissues. | 6.0
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| greatest binding action of formaldehyde occurs at ____ to ___ pH | 7.5 to 8.0 pH
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| Formaldehyde does NOT fix carbohydrates but traps them ______... | inside the fixed and stabilized proteins.
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| Contains Sodium Chloride/DI/Formaldehyde | Formaldehyde Saline: isotonic but may produce formalin pigment
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| Contains Calcium Chloride/DI/Formaldehyde | Calcium Formaldehyde: for PHOSPHOLIPIDS
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| Contains Sodium Acetate/DI/Formaldehyde | Acetate Formaldehyde: for Phospholipids but cases PSEUDOCALCIFICATION
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| Contains Calcium or Magnesium Carbonate/DI/Formaldehyde | 10% Neutralized Formalin: used widely but becomes acidic almost immediately.
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| Contains Sodium Phosphate monobasic & dibasic/DI/Formaldehyde | 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin: for routine formalin fixation. ph is 6.8
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| Contains Sodium Phosphate Monobasic/Sodium Phosphate HYDROXIDE/DI/Formaldehyde | Modified Millonig: used in EM on long stored tissue
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| contains Absolute Ethyl Alcohol/DI/Formaldehyde | Alchoholc Formalin: store tissue indefinitely
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| Formalin PEL = 0.75ppm in __ hours | 8 hours
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| Formalin STEL = 2 ppm in ___ | 15 minutes
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| Contains Sodium Phosphate monobasic/25% glutaraldehyde/DI | Glutaraldehyde (pH = 7.2-7.3)
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| Coagulant, produces shrinkage, additive, black pigment NOT preventable | Mercuric Chloride (not used with frozens, inhibits freezing/corrosive/avoid use with metals)
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| EM use as post-fixative after aldehyde fixation. Cell membranes become electron dense. use very thin sections. | Osmium tetroxide
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| ____ | Gridley fungus stain
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| TWA = 0.002ppm | Osmium tetroxide
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| coagulant of necleoproteins, leaves DNA soluble, acts as stain and fixative, decalcifies, softens but shrinks too | Picric Acid (avoid for DNA and RNA)
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| non-coagulant, great for MITOCHONDRIA identification procedures | Potassium Dichromate
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| replacement for mercury, preserves antigenicity, may replace NBF, makes formalin pigment when unbuffered, superior nuclear detail | Zinc Salts
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| fixative of hematopoitic and lymphoreticular tissues for beautiful nuclear detail (over NBF) | B5
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| mercuric chloride/formaldehyde/sodium acetate (formalin pigment) | B5
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| picric acid/glacial acetic acid/formaldehyde | Bouin
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| red blood cells are lysed, formalin pigment may form, good for trichrome stain, remove yellow color with 50-70% alc, excellent for biopsy tissues, not for EM | Bouin
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| 95% alcohol w/picric acid/formaldehyde/glacial acetic acid | GENDRE
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| alcoholic Boiun derivative which is great for carbohydrates (GLYCOGEN)remove excess picric with 80% alcohol | GENDRE
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| copper acetate/picric acid/acetic acid/formaldehyde | HOLLANDE
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| decalcifies small specs of bone, good for gastric biopsies, cupric acetate stabilizes RBC and eosinophils and endocrine cells. | HOLLANDE
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| Any fixative containing formalin can yield _______. | formalin pigment, when the ph is lowered or if solution is unbuffered.
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