Lab results
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBC w/o differential | 1. evaluate hematology system
2. identify blood loss (Hbg, Hct)
3. identify infection, allergy immunosuppress, or neoplasm (WBC)
4. Identify bleeding (platelet count)
🗑
|
||||
| CBC with differential | breaks down WBC: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| neutrophils | bands, "shift to the left", decreased level indicative of immunosuppressed, infection risk
🗑
|
||||
| basophils | allergic reaction
🗑
|
||||
| eosinophils | allergic reaction
🗑
|
||||
| monocytes | phagocytes, incrased in presence of bacterial infection
🗑
|
||||
| lymphocytes | T-cell: cellular type immune reaction (HIV);
B-cell: antibody production
🗑
|
||||
| Chemistry 7 | Na, Cl, BUN, K, CO2, Cr, and Glucose
🗑
|
||||
| Chemistry 10 | Na, Cl, BUN, K, CO2, Cr, Glucose, Ca, Mg, Phos
🗑
|
||||
| Na | 135-145 : cation; determinant serum osmolality.
🗑
|
||||
| Cl | 95-105: anion follows Na losses and serves as a buffer in acid-base balance.
🗑
|
||||
| BUN | 10-20; renal function; liver function as urea is an end product of protein metabolism.
🗑
|
||||
| K | 3.5-5 cation
🗑
|
||||
| CO2 | 23-30; bicarbonate anion, acid-base balance.
🗑
|
||||
| Cr | 0.5 - 1.2 ; use to diagnose impaired renal function.
🗑
|
||||
| Glucose | 70-110 ; elevated in physiologic stress, DM, carbo food.
🗑
|
||||
| Ca | normal varies; bone synthesis; parathyroid function, renal failure, malnutrition, osteoporosis, large blood loss.
🗑
|
||||
| Mg | 1.8 -2.2 ; mg deficiency, organ function esp. cardiac.
🗑
|
||||
| Phos | 3.0 - 4.5 inverse with calcium, parathyroid function.
🗑
|
||||
| Coagulation Studies | PTT, aPTT, PT, INR
🗑
|
||||
| Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | 60-70 secs. measures the intrinsic system of the clotting cascade, a common pathway of clot formation. elevated: prolong cloting time(risk bleeding). Factors: I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
🗑
|
||||
| Activated PTT (aPTT) | 30-40 sec. shorter than PTT test.
with heparin, elevated mean heparin works in preventing clots. w/o heparin, elevated time indicates coagulopathy (not clotting properly) and possible impaired liver function.
🗑
|
||||
| Prothrombin Time (PT) | 11 - 12.5 secs. evaluate extrinsinc factors I, II, V, VII, X. Elevate due to Coumadin, hepatocellular liver disease, obstructive biliary disease.
🗑
|
||||
| International Normalized Ratio (INR) | developed by WHO. Evaluated for therapeutic anticoagulation for DVT tx, status-post ortho sx, prevention of emboli in afib pt, mgmt of pul emboli, and prosthetic valve prophylaxis, indicator of abnormal clotting time and coagulopathy.
🗑
|
||||
| Liver Function Test (LFT) | Alk Phos, Bilirubin, AST, ALT, GGT.
🗑
|
||||
| Alkaline phosphatase (Alk Phos) | identifies liver disease and types of bone malignancies.
🗑
|
||||
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | identifies hepatocellular disease.
🗑
|
||||
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or (SGOT) | elevated in hepatocellular disease, cardiac injury, or skeletal muscle injury.
🗑
|
||||
| Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) | indicator in alcohol abuse and hepatobiliary disease.
🗑
|
||||
| Bilirubin | total = sum of indirect (unconjugated) and direct (conjugated) levels; evaluates liver functions.
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac Enzyme Markers | CK (CPK), Troponin I and T, and Myoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Creatine Kinase (CK) (CPK) | an enzyme found in brain tissue, skeletal and heart muscle, but CK-MB(CK-Muscle & Brain) is specific to heart muscle damaage. Level rise in muscle or nerve cell injuries.
🗑
|
||||
| Troponin I and T | specific to heart muscle damage; gold standard for cardiac ischhemia, injury, and infarction.
🗑
|
||||
| Myoglobin | found in muscle damage, therefore not cardiac specific marker. Value rise in people who run marathons, suffer skeletal muscle trauma, or suffer Myocardial infarction.
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammation Markers | ESR and CRP
🗑
|
||||
| ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate | not specific indicator of inflammation or disease process, but help if sx is vague. use to monitor tx of illness or disease.
🗑
|
||||
| CRP - C-reactive Protein | non specific to inflmmation. elevated in the presense of bacterial infections and tissue necrosis. It appears more rapidly than ESR.
🗑
|
||||
| LIPID Panel | Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG
🗑
|
||||
| Cholesterol | <200 mgdL; elevated = hyperlipidemia (HLD), increasing the risk of heart disease and HTN.
🗑
|
||||
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | 60-180 mg/dL; bad cholesterol; High level indicates risk for heart disease
🗑
|
||||
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) | Male: >45; female:>55; good cholesterol; remove cholesterol from tissues. low level indicates risk for heart disease
🗑
|
||||
| Triglycerides (TG) | fat in the bloodstream; High level indicates risk for heart disease
🗑
|
||||
| Serum Osmolality | 285-295 mmol/kg; measures concentration of dissolved particles in blood. amt of free water inversely proportion to osmolality.
H2O increase = osmolality decrease and vice versa.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
rt-study
Popular Clinical Skills sets