GA2 Test #2 Anatomy
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| Name the vessels with which the descending branch of the occipital artery has anastomoses | Thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk, vertebral a.
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| Muscle that forms the arch posterior to palatine tonsil. | Palatopharyngeus
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| part of pylorus next to body of stomach. | Pyloric Antrum
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| What is/are the action(s) of the: a) longitudinal mm. of the pharynx | a. elevated pharynx and larynx during swallowing
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| ____________ branch of maxillary a. that supplies teeth via the mandibular foramen | Inferior alveolar
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| ____________ branch of maxillary artery which supplies molars and premolars of maxilla, gums, and maxillary sinus | Posterior superior alveolar
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| ____________ different named artery with which the obturator artery has an anastamosis for collateral circulation | Medial femoral circumflex
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| ____________ pelvic vessel that supplies iliacus, quadratus lumborum, and psoas major | Iliolumbar a.
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| artery of which the inferior vesicle is a branch. | Anterior Trunk of Internal Illiac
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| Assume 1 or both of the internal carotid aa. Are partially occluded. Name the specific artery that would allow: a) blood to flow from the basilar system into the internal carotid system | a. posterior communicating
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| Assume 1 or both of the internal carotid aa. Are partially occluded. Name the specific artery that would allow: b) retrograde blood flow directly into the cerebral part of the internal carotid system from the external carotid system | b. ophthalmic
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| Assume a partial occlusion of 1 internal carotid artery. Besides the posterior communicating artery. Name 2 different collateral arteries of importance. | Anterior communicating a. & Ophthalmic
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| Assume a partial occlusion of one internal carotid a. Besides the posterior communicating artery, name 2 different collateral arteries of importance. | Anterior communicating a. & Ophthalmic a.
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| Assume a partial occlusion of the femoral v. at the level of the inguinal ligament. Give a collateral route (in correct sequence) of venous return to the heart. | Great saphenous -> superficial epigastric -> thoracoepigastric -> lateral thoracic -> axillary -> subclavian -> brachiocephalic -> SVC -> heart
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| Assume a partial occlusion of the femoral VEIN at the level of the inguinal ligament. Give a collateral route (in correct sequence) of the VENOUS return to the heart. | femoral -> great saphaneous -> superficial epigastric -> thoracoepigastric -> lateral thoracic -> axillary -> subclavian -> brachiocephalic -> SVC -> heart
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| Assume a partial occlusion of the right common carotid. Give correct sequence by which a drop of blood would travel to reach an area distal to the occlusion. Begin with the common carotid artery and end with the maxillary. | 1
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| Beginning with the aorta, show 2 different routes by which a drop of blood could reach both the head of the pancreas and duodenum | Route 1: Aorta -> celiac trunk -> common hepatic a. -> gastroduodenal a. -> ant./post. superior pancreaticoduodenal aa. -> pancreas and duodenum (next card #2)
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| Beginning with the aorta, show 2 different routes by which a drop of blood could reach both the head of the pancreas and duodenum | Route 2: Aorta -> superior mesenteric a. -> ant./post. inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. -> pancreas and duodenum
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| Besides impressions for the stomach and gallbladder, the liver has impressions for (give 4) the following: NO FISSURES! | Right colic flexure, right kidney, right suprarenal gland, IVC
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| Besides the carotid a., give the structures in the carotid sheath | Internal jugular v., vagus n.
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| Besides the ileum being longer, having Peyer’s patches, and narrower lumen, compare the jejunum with the ileum. Give 4 STRUCTURAL differences mentioned in lecture. | Jejunum has more plicae circulares, more villi, less complex arterial arcades, larger, longer, less numerous vasa rectae
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| Besides the marginal a., give 2 ANASTOMOSES which would provide collateral flow in the event of a partial occlusion of the abdominal aorta. | Lumbar -> iliolumbar, deep circumflex ilac & Superior rectal -> middle and inferior rectal
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| Besides the sigmoid sinus, name two tributaries to the internal jugular v. that do NOT have the EXACT same name as branches of the external carotid artery | Inferior petrosal sinus, Middle thyroid
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| Besides the transverse sinus, a sinus that is a tributary to the sigmoid sinus | Superior petrosal
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| Besides those of the lesser omentum, name 4 differently named peritoneal ligaments and give their ATTACHMENTS. Both name and attachment must be correct to receive any credit. | Splenorenal – spleen and just anterior to kidney, Gastrolienal – stomach to spleen, Falciform lig. – liver to anterior abdominal wall, Coronary ligs. (ant./post.) – bare area of liver to diaphragm
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| Branch of internal carotid a. which travels in the longitudinal cerebral fissure. | Anterior cerebral
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| Branch of maxillary a. that supplies teeth via the mandibular foramen | Inferior alveolar
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| Branch of maxillary a. that supplies the nasal septum and paranasal sinuses | Sphenopalatine
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| Branch of maxillary a. which passes through the foramen spinosum | Middle meningeal
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| branch of maxillary artery which supplies molars and premolars of maxilla, gums, and maxillary sinus. | Posterior superior alveolar
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| branch of maxillary artery which supplies ROOF of mouth | Greater palatine a.
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| branch of the external carotid which supplies the dura, tympanic cavity, palatine tonsil, longus capitus and colli, etc. | Ascending pharyngeal
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| collective term for vein formed by gastric veins | Coronary Veiv
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| Concerning the 3rd part of the duodenum, give the boundaries and any associated structures as mentioned in lecture. | Inferior duodenal flexure ascending portion (left edge of aorta) , Superior mesenteric a. and v. pass anterior
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| Covers the root of a tooth and attaches it to the surrounding tissues of the alveolar socket; it resembles bone | Cement
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| Cranial nerve that CROSSES the lower lateral part of both the internal and external carotid arteries | Hypoglossal
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| Define the following terms: a) retroperitoneal | a. organs that lie deep to partietal peritoneum
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| Define the following terms: b) coronary ligament | b. Surrounding bare area of liver, extending from liver to diaphragm
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| Define the following terms: c) peritoneal cavity | c. potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
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| Define the following: Be SPECIFIC and COMPLETE! b) triangular ligaments | where the ant. and post. coronary ligs. of liver meet at the lateral edges of the bare area of liver
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| Define the following: Be SPECIFIC and COMPLETE! c) mesentery | double layer of serous membranes
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| Define the following: Be SPECIFIC and COMPLETE! a) omental bursa | greater peritoneal sac diverticulum located behind the stomach containing both a superior and inferior recess
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| Define the limits of the clinical anal canal. | Pectinate line -> anus
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| Define the specific boundaries of the 2nd part of the duodenum. also name any structures specifically associated with these part as mentioned in class. | Superior and inferior duodenal flexures & Contains hepatopancreatic ampulla with sphincter or Oddi and major duodenal papilla (may also have minor pancreatic duct and minor dudodenal papilla)
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| Describe an emissary vein | Vein penetrating the skull through various foramen and communicating with the sinuses of dura and veins of outside of skull
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| Describe medial and lateral boundaries of the quadrate lobe of the liver | Lat = gallbladder, Med = fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis
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| Describe the course of an emissary vein. Why are they clinically important? | Run through foramina and openings in skull forming anastomoses between dural venous sinuses and vv. of scalp (may carry infections from scalp to dural venous sinuses)
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| Describe the difference between an anatomical and physiological sphincter. | Anatomical sphincter – contains area of thickened smooth circular muscle over area; Physiological sphincter – contains area of normal smooth circular muscle over area
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| Dilation at proximal beginning of internal carotid artery. | Carotid sinus
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| Directly receives the drainage of the superior sagittal sinus | Confluence of sinuses
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| Draw a simple diagram showing the connections of the retromandibular posterior auricular, external jugular, facial, and common facial veins with each other. Now label the diagram correctly. | Draw Diagram
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| Draw a X-SECTION at the level of the epiploic foramen and label all associated ligaments. | Draw Diagram
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| Draw the circulus arteriosis (circle of Willis) and label all component vessels. The two circles below represent the internal carotids. Begin the drawing from them. Be accurate and neat! | Draw diagram
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| duct that runs anteriorly to open into the floor of the mouth as a small caruncle just lateral to the lingual frenulum. | Submandibular duct
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| during degulutition, area through which food is diverted by the epiglottis (BE SPECIFIC). | Piriform recess
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| Forms an important anastomosis with dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic a. | Angular a. of facial a.
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| Forms posterior border of carotid triangle | SCM
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| Forms the anteroinferior border of the carotid triangle. | Superior belly of omohyoid m.
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| forms the anterosuperior border of the carotid angle. | Posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid mm.
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| From lecture, the internal carotid artery supplies _________ (%) percent of the ___________ (be very specific) | 80-90%; Cerebral hemispheres
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| Give ADULT derivatives of the following: a) distal umbilical arteries | a. medial umbilical lig.
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| Give ADULT derivatives of the following: b) umbilical vein | b. lig. teres hepatis
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| Give the data asked for with the following muscles: a)styloglossus (action)b)inferior constrictor (origin) c)salpingopharyngeus (origin) | a) elevates and retracts tongue b) laryngeal cartilage c) auditory tube
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| Give the data asked for with the following muscles: d) palatopharyngeus (innervation) e) stylopharyngeus (innervation) | d. pharyngeal plexus (CN XI via X) e. glossopharyngeal n.
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| Give the data asked for with the following: a) genioglossus (origin) – | a. superior mental spines (genial tubercles)
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| Give the data asked for with the following: b) retracts and elevates the tongue (muscle) | b. styloglossus
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| Give the data asked for with the following: c) origin is horns of hyoid, insertion is posterior median raphe (muscle) | c. middle constrictor
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| Give the data asked for with the following: d) salpingopharyngeus (insertion) | d. palatopharyngeus m.
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| Give the data asked for with the following: e) palatopharyngeus (innervation) | e. pharyngeal plexus
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| Give the data asked for with the following: f) palatoglossus (innervation) | f. pharyngeal plexus
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| Give the specific upper and lower boundaries of the sigmoid colon. Do NOT five certain viscera as your answer | Upper pelvic brim -> Anus S3
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| Give the upper and lower boundries of the laryngopharynx | C3-6
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| How does one anatomically separate the pylorus from the body of stomach? | Draw a vertical line through the angular notch of the stomach
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| IMMEDIATE structure formed by union of the common bile and main pancreatic ducts | Hepatopancreatic ampulla
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| Largest branch of the internal carotid a., runs in the lateral cerebral fissure to supply certain lobes | Middle cerebral
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| Largest branch of the internal carotid artery : it curves around corpus callosum and supplies the medial surface of the hemispheres | Middle cerebral
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| Level at which the common carotid bifurcates into internal and external branches | C3/4 (upper border of thyroid cartilage)
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| ligament into which the tail of the pancreas extends | Splenorenal ligament
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| List 2 anastomoses that are of the portal-caval variety | Superior rectal with inferior and middle rectal vv. & Esophageal plexus
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| List two areas where the esophagus (NOT the gastroesophageal junction) is constricted | Left primary bronchi, aortic arch, cricoid cartilage
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| List two different arteries located on and supplying the MEDIAL forehead. | Supratrochlear & Supraorbital
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| located in rectum and made of mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa. | Valves of Houston (transverse rectal folds)
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| Name given to center of tooth; contains vessels, nerves, etc | Pulp cavity
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| name given to fetal shunt (by-pass) through the liver (give fetal name, not adult) | Ductus venosus
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| name given to the horizontal fold of mucosa under tongue; it also has numerous small ducts opening along its surface. | Sublingual fold
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| Name given to the vessels which run BETWEEN the outer and inner tables of the flat bones of the skull | Diploic vv.
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| Name in correct sequence (from front to back) the DECIDUOUS (baby) teeth. | Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, 1st molar, 2nd molar
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| Name in correct sequence (from front to back) the permanent teeth. (Name each individual tooth) | Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, 1st premolar, 2nd premolar, 1st molar, 2nd molar, 3rd molar
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| Name the abdominal vessel which: b) arises from aorta at L3 level (NOT lumbar aa.)- | b. inferior mesenteric
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| Name the abdominal vessel which: c) arises from aorta about 1-2 inches below renal (NOT lumbar)- | c. gonadal
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| Name the abdominal vessel which: d) supplies cecum, appendix, distal ileum, etc.- | d. ileocolic
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| Name the abdominal vessel which: a) is tortuous | a. splenic
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| Name the arteries which supply the urinary bladder | Superior, middle, and inferior vesicle, inferior gluteal, obturator
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| Name the ARTERY of which the given vessel is a direct branch: a) superior suprarenal a. | a. inferior phrenic
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| Name the ARTERY of which the given vessel is a direct branch: b) left colic a. | b. inferior mesenteric
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| Name the BRANCHES of the cavernous part of the internal carotid a. | Cavernous a., hypophyseal, meningeal
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| Name the branches of the ophthalmic a. | Cilliary, lacrimal, suparorital, supratrochlear, central a. of retina, dorsal nasal, palpebral
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| Name the branches of the petrous part of the internal carotid a. | Caroticotympanic & Artery to pterygoid canal
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| Name the branches of the splenic a. | Proper splenic, pancreatic, left gastroepiploic, short gastric,
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| Name the direct branches of the cerebral part of the internal carotid a. | Ophthalmic, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating, middle cerebral, choroidal
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| Name the tributaries to the external jugular vein. Do NOT include the ones that give rise to (form) the vessel. | Anterior jugular v., transverse cervical v., suprascapular v.
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| Name the tributaries to the straight sinus | Great cerebral v., inferior sagital sinus
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| Name the tributaries to the EXTERNAL jugular vein. Do NOT include the ones that give rise to (form) the vessel. | Transverse cervical, suprascapular, anterior jugular
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: a) abdominal esophageal aa. | a. left gastric
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: a) left gastroepiploic a. | a. splenic
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: b) sup. pandreaticoduodenal a. | b. common hepatic
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: c) left gonadal a. | c. Left Renal Artery
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: c) superior suprarenal a. | c. inferior phrenic
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: d) inferior suprarenal a. | d. renal artery
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: d) left colic a. | d. inferior mesenteric
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a DIRECT branch: a) right gastric a. | a. proper hepatic
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a direct branch: b) inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. | b. superior mesenteric
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a DIRECT branch: b) short gastric a. | b. splenic
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a DIRECT branch: c) middle colic a. | c. superior mesenteric
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| Name the vessel of which the given artery is a DIRECT branch: d) right gastroepiploic a. | d. gastroduodenal
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| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary (under normal conditions). a) left gonadal v. | a. left renal
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| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary (under normal conditions). b) deep circumflex iliac v. | b. external iliac
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| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary (under normal conditions). c) cystic v. | c. right hepatic
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| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary (under normal conditions). d) superficial epigastric v. | d. great saphenous
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| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary under normal conditions. a) upper left ascending lumbar v. | a. hemiazygos
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| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary under normal conditions. b) portal v. | b. hepatic portal
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| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary under normal conditions. c) left superior epigastric v. | c. internal thoracic
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| Name the vessel to which the given VEIN is a DIRECT tributary under normal conditions. d) thoracoepigastric v. | d. lateral thoracic
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| Name the vessels with which the descending branch of the occipital artery has anastomoses | Vertebral, costocervical trunk, thyrocervical trunk
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| nerve that travels with the external jugular vein | Great Auricular N
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| often times a branch of superior vesical artery | a. to ductus deferens
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| Openings through which blood vessels and nerves enter the pulp cavity of a tooth | Apical foramina
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| pelvic vessel supplying psoas major, quadratus lumborum mm. | Lumbar br. of iliolumbar a.
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| pelvic vessel that exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis. | Superior gluteal a.
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| Pelvic vessel which enters the anterior sacral foramina | Lateral sacral
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| portion of mucosa specifically around teeth | Gingiva
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| Right common carotid a. arises deep to this surface landmark. | Sternoclavicular joint
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| sinus that is a tributary to the straight sinus | Inferior sagittal sinus & Great Cerebral Sinus
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| Specific artery that supplies the scalp above and behind the ear, tympanic cavity, mastoid air cells, etc. | Posterior auricular
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| SPECIFIC artery which supplies fundus of stomach | Short gastric
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| specific structure which contains the occipital sinus | Falx cerebelli
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| SPECIFIC structure which contains the superior petrosal sinus | Tentorium cerebelli
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| Structure located directly in the bifurcation of the common carotid a. | Carotid body
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| Structure that covers most of surface of root of tongue | Lingual tonsils
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| structure which helps hold duodenojejunal flexure in place. | Ligament of Treitz
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| supplies pectineus, gracilis, adductors of hip and hip joint, etc. with arterial blood | Obturator a. (outside pelvis)
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| The ______ part of the internal carotid artery passes in close association with ______ (nerves). They may be affected by an aneurysm of the vessel. | Cavernous, III, IV, V1, VI
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| The _______ opens into the mouth via a small papilla near the upper 2nd molar. | Partotid duct
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| The median sulcus of the tongue ends just anterior to the root of the tongue in a small depression termed the _________ | Foramen cecum
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| The permanent _________ replace the deciduous molars | Premolars
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| The PETROUS part of the internal carotid a. is separated from what two SPECIFIC structures by a thin piece of bone | Cochlea of inner ear and trigeminal ganglia
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| The superior sagittal and transverse sinuses connect to the confluence of sinuses. Name two others which also connect here. | Occipital sinus, straight sinus
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| Third branch of the external carotid a. | Lingual Artery
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| To where does the retromandibular vein drain? | Common facial and EJV
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| Type of roots (morphology) usually present on mandibular molars | bifurcated
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| Vasa recta of the jejunum when compared with the ileum are (circle one) a) shorter or longer and b) less numerous or more numerous? | Larger, Longer & Less numerous
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| Vein that is a tributary to both the external jugular and the common facial veins. | Retromandibular v.
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| Vertebral level of the superior mesenteric a. | LOWER border of L1
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| Vertical fold of mucosa in median plane of mouth extending between lips and gums | Labial frenulum
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| Vertical fold of mucosa in median plane of mouth; extends between the inferior surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth | Lingual frenulum
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| Vessel that supplies levator ani, piriformis, coccygeus, gluteus maximus, ect. | Internal pudendal
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| vessel which directly supplies floor of mouth and tongue | Lingual Artr
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| Vessel which passes through foramen lacerum (be complete!) | Meningeal br. of ascending pharyngeal a.
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| What branches of the external carotid a. supply the palatine tonsils? | Ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial
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| What is the function of the following: a) carotid body | a. monitors O2 and CO2 levels in blood
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| What is the function of the following: b) carotid sinus | b. regulates systemic BP
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| What is/are the action(s) of the: b) circular mm. of the pharynx | b. constrict pharynx
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| What SPECIFICALLY differentiates a portal from a normal system? Do NOT just list sequence. | 2nd capillary bed between arterial-venous bed and heart
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| When is the carotid tubercle? Be specific and complete!! | Anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6 vertebra
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| Write the DENTAL FORMULA. You must use the formula to receive credit. | I 2/2 + C 1/1 + B 2/2 + M 3/3 = 16
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