Chapter 14 The House Divided
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| Wilmot Proviso | Modelled after the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, it would have forbade slavery from any territory acquired from Mexico. The amendment passed in the House twice, but was defeated in the Senate.
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| Henry Clay | He helped heal the North/South rift by aiding the institution of the Compromise of 1850, which served to delay the Civil War.
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| Fugitive Slave Act | The most controversial element of the Compromise of 1850, it ensured the return of runaway slaves to their masters.
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| Compromise of 1850 | Called for the admission of California as a free state, for the abolition of slave trade in the District of Columbia, and tougher fugitive slave laws. Its establishment was hailed as a solution to the threat of national division.
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| Uncle Tom's Cabin | America's first literary blockbuster, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
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| Franklin Pierce | The Democratic presidential candidate in 1852, he was a Northerner with Southern sympathies.
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| The Know-Nothing Party | An anti-foreign, anti-Catholic political party that arose following massive Irish and Catholic immigration during the late 1840s. They opposed immigration and Catholic influence, and answered questions about the party by saying, "I know nothing."
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| John C. Frémont | In the 1856 presidential election, Republicans adopted a platform that focused on keeping slavery out of the territories and nominated this man for president.
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| Abraham Lincoln | He believed that free blacks should be forced to leave the country because whites would not give them full civil and political rights.
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| Freeport Doctrine | Stephen A. Douglas's claim that settlers in the territories could effectively ban slavery by not passing laws to protect it.
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| John Brown | Violent abolitionist who wanted to free the slaves at all costs. He took matters into his own hands by leading a band of determined patriots on a mission to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.
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| Jefferson Davis | Mexican War soldier, Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce (1853-1857), and President of the Confederate States of America.
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| 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act | Controversial 1854 legislation that opened Kansas and Nebraska to white settlement, repealed the Compromise of 1820, and led opponents to form the Republican party.
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| "Bleeding Kansas" | Also known as the Kansas Border War. The war continued for four years before the antislavery forces won. The violence it generated helped percipitate the Civil War.
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| Sumner-Brooks Affair | 1856, Charles Sumner denounced the south for crimes against Kansas and singled out Senator Andrew Brooks of South Carolina for extra abuse. Brooks beat Sumner over the head with his cane, severely crippling him. Sumner was the first Republican martyr.
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| Dred Scott | This Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made him a free man. The U.S Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
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| Free-Soil Party | Political party formed in 1847 that was dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.
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| Stephen A. Douglas | A moderate who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty.
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| 1853 Gadsden Purchase | The purchase of the territory through which the stage lines ran, along which the U.S. hoped to also eventually build a southern continental railroad. This territory makes up the southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico.
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| Frederick Douglass | A self-educated slave who escaped in 1838 and became the best-known abolitionist speaker. He edited an anti-slavery weekly, the North Star.
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