parasites excluding protozoa
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| Name the 7 species of clinically significant nematodes. | Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator Americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichinella spiralis
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| What are the 2 molts ovum undergo to become adults? | Rhabdiform and Filariform
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| What is the Rhabdiform? | feeding, non-infective form
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| What is the Filariform? | nonfeeding, infective form
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| The cellulose tape method is used to collect what species? | Enterobius vermicularis
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| What is the common name for Enterobius vermicularis? | pinworm
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| Which form is the infective form of the pinworm? | ova
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| How can male and female pinworms be differentiated? | Females are larger and have a pointy tail while males have a curly tail
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| Describe the digestive system of Nematodes. | Complete digestive system with both oral and anal openings
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| What is the definitive host for Nematodes? | humans
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| What is the common name for Nematodes? | roundworms
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| Describe the physical appearance of Nematodes. | cylindrical, non-segmented, tough exterior cuticle
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| How many species of Nematodes exist? | ~500K (most are free living)
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| Where do the adult female Enterobius vermicularis lay their eggs? | on the perianal folds
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| Which age group is pinworm most prevalent among? | children
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| Describe the appearance of the pinworm ova. | smooth edge, oval-shaped with one side of the ova being flat, center may appear grainy or the larva may be folded up inside.
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| Which Nematode is refered to as the large intestine round worm and is common in dogs and cats? | Ascaris lumbricoides
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| How many ova can an Ascaris lumbricoides adult female lay per day? | thousands
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| What are the four forms Ascaris lumbricoides can exist in? | corticated or decorticate and fertile or infertile
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| Which species of Nematodes migrates through the lungs and matures in the trachea? | Ascaris lumbricoides
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| How large can an Ascaris lumbricoides worm get? | As large as a pencil
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| What is the danger with Ascaris lumbricoides? | Size and tendency to migrate
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| What species of Nematodes is known to cause intestinal blockages? | Ascaris lumbricoides
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| What laboratory technique is used in the identification of Ascaris lumbricoides? | Iodine wet mount
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| Which form of Ascaris lumbricoides is both the diagnostic and infective form? | Ovum
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| What is the common name for Trichuris trichiura? | Whipworm
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| What age group is the whipworm most prevalent? | children
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| Describe the appearance of the whipworm ovum. | football-shaped with hyaline plugs on each end, similar in size to the pinworm
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| What laboratory technique is used to identify whipworm? | Iodine wet mount
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| What is one of the scientific name for Hookworm? | Necator americanus (New World) or Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World)
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| How can the ova of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale be differentiated? | they cannot!!
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| What is the infective form of Hookworm? | Filariform larva
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| Which ovum is known to have a shouldered operculum? | Clonorchis sinensis
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| What is the source of cutaneous hookworm? | skin exposure to filariform larvae in dog or cat feces
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| What is the clinical picture of cutaneous hookworm? | migration tunnels with intense itching
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| What is the source of visceral hookworm? | Ingestion of ova from dog or cat feces
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| What is the clinical picture of visceral hookworm? | fever, pneumonitis, hepatomegaly, eosinophilia, CNS infections
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| What is the etiology of visceral hookworm? | Toxocara cani and Toxocara cati
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| What is key to note about the buccal cavity of the hookworm? | long buccal cavity
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| What is another name for thread worm? | Strongyloides stercoralis
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| What is the diagnostic form of threadworm? | Rhabditiform
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| What is key to note about the thread worm buccal cavity? | short buccal cavity
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| Which species diagnostic form is encysted larvae in muscle? | Trichenella spiralis
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| What is another name for eye worm? | Loa Loa
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| What are the clinical symptoms associated with Trichinella spiralis? | muscle pain and weakness
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| How are humans infected by Trichenella spiralis? | ingestion of wild game meat or raw pork
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| What are the general characteristics of flatworms? | dorsoventrally flattened, solid body with no cavity, hermaphroditic, life cycles typically involve one or more intermediate hosts
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| What are the two types of flatworms? | Cestodes and Trematodes
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| What is a proglottid? | individual unit of the strobila which produces eggs.
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| How are humans infected by dwarf tapeworm? | when they ingest cysticercoid-infected arthropods
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| What is another name for dwarf tapeworm? | H nana
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| Which species is known for having a hexicanth embryo and bipolar filaments? | H nana
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| What is another name for beef tapeworm? | Taenia saginata
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| What is another name for pork tapeworm? | Taenia solium
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| Describe the ova of Taenia species. | hexicant embryo with radial striations
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| What is the infective form of Taenia species? | cysticercus larvae in muscle
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| What does the scolex of Taenia solium look like? | 4 suckers with hooks=armed rostellum
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| What does the Taenia saginata scolex look like? | 4 suckers with no hooks=unarmed rostellum
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| What is another name for broad or fish tapeworm? | D. latum
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| What does the D. latum scolex look like? | has 2 sucking grooves
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| How are humans infected by D.latum? | fish ingest plerocercoid larva and humans ingests raw or undercooked fish
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| What are the 2 intermediate host of D.latum? | crustaceans and fish
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| What do the proglottids of fish tapeworm look like? | broad with clustered uterus
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| What does the ova of D. latum ovum look like? | operculum on one end and an avoperculam knob on the other end
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| What is sparganosis? | infection in humans by plerocercoid larvae of various diphyllobothriid larvae
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| What are general characteristics of Trematodes? | ventral and oral sucking discs, very thin, leaf-shaped
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| What is another name for large intestine fluke? | F. buski
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| What is the infective form of F. buski? | metacircarie on plants
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| What do the F. buski ovum look like? | large and operculated
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| What species' infectivity is associated with water chestnuts? | F. buski
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| What is another name for liver fluke? | Clonorchis sinensis
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| What is the infective form of Clonorchis sinensis? | metacariae in fish muscle
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| What is another name for lung fluke? | Paragonomus westermani
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| What is the intermediate host for lung fluke? | snail and crayfish
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| What does the Paragonomus westermani ovum look like? | operculated on one end and thickening on the other end
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| What are other names for schistosomiasis? | bilharziasis, snail fever, swamp fever
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| What is Katayama's fever? | immune-mediated against ova
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| What is Swimmer's itch? | dermatitis due to cercaria
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