EKU Parasit exam 1
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| Where are parasitic diseases most common | warm climates
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| what can effect the distribution of parasitic diseases | social, economics, public health, sanitation
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| parasites with a simple life cycles are often more | cosmopolitan
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| What is the cause of most cases of parasitic diseases in the US | travelers and immigrants
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| The degree of injury due to parasitic infection normally depends upon | number, size, activity, and location
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| What are the clinical manifestations of a parasitic infection | general and variable
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| What is required for diagnosis | laboratory detection and identification
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| Parasites that have no vectors or intermediate hosts are normally referred to as | simple
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| parasites that have an intermediate host or vectors are normally referred to | complex
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| when was the last time malaria was endemic in the US | 1940
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| What is a protozoa | a unicellular eukaryotic microorganism
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| a unicellular eukaryotic microorganism | protozoa
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| amebas, flagellates, ciliates, hemoflagelates, sporozoa and coccidia are all a part of what class of parasites | protozoa
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| what are helminths | metazoa; wormlike invertebrates
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| metazoa; worm like invertebrates are known as | helminths
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| nematodes, filariae, cestoda, and trematoda are all in what group of parasites | helminths
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| arthropods are devinded as | hard exoskeleton jointed apendages
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| these have hard exoskeletons and jointed appendages | artropods
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| How are protozoa grouped | mode of transport/locamotion
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| what is a protracted relationship | causing harm, having it for some period of time
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| parasite implies what type of relationship | protracted
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| Insects and arachnids are in what group of parasites | arthropods
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| the arthropod group of parasites consists of | arachnids and insects
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| Amebas have what form of locomotion | pseudopodium
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| Flagellates have what form of locomotion | flagella
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| Ciliates have what form of locomotion | cilia
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| hemoflagelates have what form of locomotion | flagella
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| Nematodes are what | intestinal round worms
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| filariae are what | tissue roundworms
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| cestoda are what | tapeworms
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| trematoda are what | flukes
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| What is meant by infective form | infective to humans
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| what is meant by diagnostic form | that which is seen in the laboratory
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| what are the two forms you will see protozoas in | trophozoite and cysts
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| what is a trophozoite | troph, the active vegetative form
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| what is a cyst | the inactive, resistant, infectious form
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| What are the life stages of the helminths | adult, ovum, larvae
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| what is the adult stage | mature stage
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| what is an ovum | egg
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| what is a larvae | immature stage
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| Cysts can often pass through what and still be viable | the stomach
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| urine, mineral oil, and radiography contrast media found in stool is normall | contamination
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| How many stool specimens are needed for the detection of helminth ova | one to two
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| how many specimens are needed to detect protozoa | three collected every other day
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| what are the proper preservatives for stool | formalin and PVA
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| What does PVA stand for | polyvinyl alcohol
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| What type of slide can be used from formalin | wet mounts
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| what type of slide can be used from PVA | permanent
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| sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin can be used for what | permanent smears and concentration methods
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| What are two ways to process stool specimen | formalin and PVA
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| What is the process for a formalin preparation | concentration, iodine wet bount look for ova or larvae
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| what is the process for a PVA preparation | no concentration, trichrome stain looking for trophs and cysts
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| if doing a peripheral blood thin smear what stain should be used | wrights or giemsa
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| what do you us a thick peripheral blood smear for | malaria
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| what is a para-pak | a stool specimen collection device
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| Protozoa stain gray blue to black with nuclei and cellular inclusions darger than cytoplasm is seen in what stain | iron hematoxylin
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| this stain offeres better contrast than iron hematoxylin, protozoan trophs and cyst have a blue-green to purple cytoplasm, nuclei and inclusions are red to purple red, background is green | trichrome
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| what is flotation best used for | protozoan cysts, hymenoepis nana ova and hookworm ova
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| what solvent is used in the floatation method | zinc sulfate
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| What is used in the sedimentation method | formalin ethyl acetate
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| What iodine solution is preferable | dobell and connor or d'antoni's
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| what is an except able iodine solution | lugol's
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| what are iodine stains sealed with | vaspar
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| what are the best objectives too look at a iodine smear | 10x and 40x
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| What is the best objectives to look at trichrom stained slids | scan at 40 and use OI for identification
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| How do protozoa reproduce | binary division
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| who are lumen dwelling protozoa normally identified | trichrome stained
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| what are cyst walls made of | chiten
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| why can't trophs be the infective form | they do not survive passage through digestive system
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| what is the reproductive form of protozoa | trophs
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| What is the etiological agent for amebiasis | Entamoeba histolytical/entamoeba dispar
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| Entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar is the etiological agent for | amebiasis or amebic dysentary
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| How is entamoeba histalitytica/entamoeba dispar transmitted | cysts in contaminated food and water
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| These are the only pthogenic amoebas | entamoeba histolytical/entamoeba dispar
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| entamoeba histolytica can be diferentiated via what method | serological
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| what is another name for a nucleolus | cariozome
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| What is the difference between E. colis and histolytica | e. coli have very dirty cytoplasm and histolytica have a must cleaner cytoplasm
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| how many nuclei can a E. histolytica have | up to 4 no more
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| What are the organs E. Histolytica infect | liver, lung. brain
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| What shape will the chromatoidal bodies in histolytica have | round
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| What shape will the chromatoidal bodies have in E. coli | excentric with dirty cytoplasm
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| What is the differential characteristic of e. Harmanni to E. histolytica | size, Harmanni is <10 um
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| This entamoeba is characterized by no parachromatin, large cariozome, up to 4 nucleoli | E. Nana
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| This entamoeba is characterized by a variable nuclei and often times over to the side | E. Butshlii
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| Fragillis was once thought to be a entamoeba but is now a | flagilate
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| fragillis is known for what? | two nuclei, no cyst form and ragged chromatoidal bodies
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