History chapter 34/3
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| SEC | (Securities and Exchange Commission); Reform: regulate the Stock market
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| AAA | (Agriculture Adjustment Act)- Recovery; encouraged farmers to reduce production by offering to pay government subsidies for every acre not used; Supreme Court decision declared the AAA unconstitutional
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| WPA | -(Works Progress Administration); Recovery; construction of new bridges, roads, airports and public buildings/ unemployed artists, writers and actors were paid to paint murals, write and perform plays
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| FDIC | - (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation); Reform; guaranteed individual bank deposits up to $5000
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| TVA | -(Tennessee Valley Authority); Recovery; a huge experiment in regional development built dams, operated electrical plants, control flooding and erosion; Sold electricity/ government owned utility
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| NRA | -(National Recovery Administration); Recovery; established business codes, fair wages and hours
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| Blue Eagle | Display the Eagle means support of the New Deal and urged people to buy products with BE
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| Fair Labor Standard Act | Minimum wage – 40 cents/hour; maximum hour 40; child labor restrictions to those under 16
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| CCC | -(Civilian Conservation Corp); Relief, Recovery and Reform; employed single men (18-25) on projects on federal lands and paid their families small monthly sum (most successful program)
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| Social Security | federal insurance program based upon the automatic collection of taxes from paychecks-retired persons over 65, unemployment compensation, disabled, dependent children
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| National Labor Relations Act/ Wagner Act | guaranteed the right to join a union collective bargaining
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| Hundred Days | This in the first 100 days that the president is in office; congress passed every law that was requested by FDR (over 15); Result- Expanding executive branch/ the new administration
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| 1932 Election Winner | FDR; Democratic party
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| Indian Reorganization Act | encouraged Native American tries to establish self government and to preserve their native crafts and traditions. 77 tribes refused to organize under the law, while hundreds did organize
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| New Deal Short term Goals | relief and immediate recovery
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| New Deal Long term Goals | permanent recovery and reform of current abuses
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| Dust Bowl | 1933 prolonged drought struck the states of the trans- Mississippi Great Plains
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| Cause of the Dust Bowl | the cultivation of countless acres, dry farming techniques, and mechanization
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| Oakes | those people of the dustbowl that moved to California; derogative term
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| Brain Trusts | FDRs advisory that were experts that were experts in their field of study
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| Fireside Chats | “address” on the Radio; 1. What the gov was doing; 2.why; 3. What you could do; important because it keep spirits alive
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| 20th Amendment | “lame duck amendment”; opening day of congress January 3 and the Inauguration January 20
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| Father Coughlin | Catholic priest called for issuing inflated currency and nationalizing the banks; attacked the new deal, was anti Semitic and fascist
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| Huey Long | share the wealth, that promised an annual $5000 every American family by taxing the wealthy
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| Francis Townshed | Plan for securing income for senior citizens; proposal that 2% of federal tax used for all retired persons over 60 $200 a month which became the basis of the social security program
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| “pack” the Supreme Court | proposed the president is authorized to appoint the supreme court an additional Justice for each current justice over the age of 70; FDR appoint 6 more justices
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| reaction to "pack" Supreme Court | was defeated because the US wanted to stay with its current system; Supreme Court wanted to modernize change retired, and approve the New Deal
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| Congress of Industrial Organization | 1936-Rival of the AF of L; union membership to ALL people and skills; Founder- John L. Lewis
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| Bank Holiday | FDRs first action as president; closed all the banks and the only ones that would Re-Open would be the ones that the government approves of
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| Schechter Vs. US | (sick Chicken case); Schechter was a poultry seller and wanted to sell at lower prices- declared the NRA unconstitutional
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| The Forgotten Man | FDR promised to help the forgotten man in his Inaugural Address of 1932
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| 1937 Roosevelt Recession | Social Security Tax; curtailed expenditures for relief and public works; KEYNESIAN economy- deficit spending was acceptable in different times, to help economic growth
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| Francis Perkins | Secretary of Labor- the first Women cabinet member
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| Pump Priming | Part of FDRs New Deal policy; put more money into the economy so more money will flow out of the economy
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| Deficit Spending | - Part of FDRs New deal policy; spending more that your receive in Tax recites
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| London Economic Conference | 1933- Hoover agreed to the US participation (help to end the world wide economic depression; FDR did not support/attend because he was afraid it would hurt his New Deal program; the conference ended with no agreement
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| Why recognized the Soviet Union | FDR felt that recognizing Moscow would bolster the US against Japan; Maybe the trade with the USSR would help the US economy during the Great Depression
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| Good Neighbor Policy | - FDRs policy toward Latin America ; policy of on intervention and cooperation western hemisphere
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| Neutrality Act- Purpose | To keep the US from getting involved in foreign affairs and war
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| Neutrality Act- Provisions | prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations, loans and credits to belligerent nations, Americans from traveling on vessels to nations at war, Non military goods must be “cashed and carried”, banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War
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| Spanish Civil War- | turning point in Europe; Spanish army led by Fransisco Franco rebelled against the Spanish government; Hitler and Mussolini supported Franco’s fascist; Hitler tested his military tactics to perfect them
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| Quarantine Speech | 1937-FDR; we must quarantine (isolate) the aggressorhe wanted to get involved--- Public response was overwhelmingly NEGATIVE
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| Munich Conference- | Hitler, Mussolini, Neval Chamberlin (Great Britain), Eduard Beladler (France) Decision was that Hitler was to be given the Sudetenland because he promised to NEVER take over any more land
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| Non-Aggression Pact | Stalin shocked everyone by signing a Non-aggression pact with Hitler stating that there would be no war between the two (USSR and Germany)
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| Invasion of Poland | September 1, 939, but WWII does not start until September 3,1939
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| 1940 public opinion | election of 1940; voters generally felt that should war come, the experience of FDR was needed.
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| Land Lease Act- | 1941- ended the “cash carry”; permitted Great Britain to obtain all the US arms it needed on credit;
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| Public Opinion 1941 | No going to War
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| People at the Atlantic Confrence | FDR and Chamerline
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| Atlantic Conference- Purpose | Affirmed their peace objections would be when the war ended
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| Attack of Pearl Harbor- and date | - December 7, 1941- The Japanese brutally attacked the US at Pearl Harbor
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| Nelville Chamberlain/Quote | After the Munich Conference he declared “peace in our times”
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| Blitzkrieg | German invasion of Poland September 1, 1939; the start of WWII
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| How did US respond to Japan’s expansionist policies in East Asia | cut off all economic supply with Japan
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| Response of the League of Nations | They did not do anything to stop Hitler
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