NWCC GA MASH 4
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| Erector Spinae m. which inserts into the mastoid process. (be specific) | Longissimus Capitis
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| Erector Spinae m. which originates from the upper ribs and inserts into the TP's of mid-cervical vertebrae. (be specific) | Iliocostalis Cervicis
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| Muscle originating off SP's of upper thoracic vertebrae (T3-T6) and inserting on TP's of Upper cervical (C1-3). | Splenius Cervicis
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| Erector Spinae m. which originates of TP's of uppper thoracic vertebrae and inserts of TP's of cervical (up to C2 not including C1) | Longissimus Cervicis
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| Suboccipital m. that originates off the posterior tubercle of the ATLAS and inserts into the medial part of the occipital bone. | Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
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| Muscle found throughout the length of the vertebral column; it arises from the TPs and inserts into the SP's of TWO to FIVE segments above the origin. | Multifidus
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| Erector Spinae muscle which originates from the upper ribs and inserts into the transverse processes of mid-cervical vertebrae. (be specific) | Iliocostalis Cervicis
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| Give two actions of the suboccipital mm. | Extension of the neck and Rotation of head to face the same direction.
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| The MAJOR action of the lateral pterygoid m. | Protraction of the jaw/mandible
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| Muscle originating off the ligamentum nuchae and SP's of upper thoracic (T1-3) and inserting on the mastoid process of the adjacent occipital bone. | Splenious Capitis
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| Muscle that originates from the TP's of vertebrae and inserts into SP's of vertebrae ONE segment above origin. | Short Rotators
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| Besides drawing the head posteriorily, give 2 actions of the Splenius Capitis. | 1. Rotate the head to the same side 2. Bends the head laterally
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| Muscle that pulls hyoid bone anterosuperiorly, shortens floor of mouth and widens pharynx. | Geniohyoid
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| Origin of the scalene muscles (do not give ORIGIN of each individual muscle) | TP's of cervical vertebrae
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| This SPECIFIC muscle is now considered part of semispinalis capitis. | Spinalis Capitis
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| Insertion of the posterior scalene. | Rib #2
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| Give action of the transversospinalis muscles. | Extends column, rotates body (spinal column) to the opposite side
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| Errector Spinae m. which originates off iliac crest, sacrum and thoracolumbar fascia and inserts into angles of lower ribs. | Iliocostalis Lumborum
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| Erector Spinae m. which originates off the sacrum, illiac crest and thoracolumbar fascia and inserts into lower 10 ribs and TP's off lumbar and thoracic vertebrae | Logissimus Thoracis
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| Erector Spinae m. which originates off the spines of lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and inserts into the spines of upper thoracic vertebrae. (be specific) | Spinalus thoracis
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| Muscle best developed in cervical region, also present in lumbar region - absent in most of the thoracic; extends vertebral column and bends column toward same side. | Intertransversarii
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| Erector Spinae m. which originates off the lower ribs and inserts into the angles of the upper ribs and TP of C7. | Iliocostalis Thoracis
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| Intrinsic back muscle which originates off the TP of a vertebra and inserts into the spine of one or two vertebrae above. | Rotators (Short and Long)
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| Suboccipital m. which originates from the SP of the axis and inserts into area near the inferior nuchal line. | Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
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| Muscle immediately deep (anterior) to upper trapezius; it has attachments to the skull and rotates the face to the same side. | Splenius Capitis
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| Muscle that lies immediately posterior to most of the suboccipital muscles. | Semispinalis Capitis
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| Innervation of the deep intrinsic back muscles. | Posterior Primary Division of Spinal Nerves (Dorsal Rami)
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| Insertion of the middle/medial scalene m. | 1st Rib
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| Muscle that originates from the inferior mental spine. | Geniohyoid
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| Muscle which originates of the SP of axis and inserts on the TP of the atlas. | Obliquus Posterior Inferior
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| Innervation of thyrohyoid | Hypoglossal contribution to C1 - ansa cervicalis
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| Muscle that depresses, retracts and steadies the hyoid bone. | Omohyoid m.
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| Muscle that depresses hyoid bone and elevates larynx. | Thyrohyoid m.
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| Muscle that elevates hyoid bone, floor of the mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking. | Mylohyoid m.
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| Give the spinal cord segments represented by the: a. lesser splanchnic nerve; b. lumbar splanchnics | a. lesser - T10-T11; b. Lumbar - L1-L2, L3
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| Give spinal cord segments represented by the: a. least splanchnic n.; b. pelvic splanchnics | a. least - T12; b. pelvic - S2-S4
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| Give the spinal cord segments represented by the: a. greater splanchnic n. ; b. pelvic splanchnics | a. greater - T5-T9 b. pelvic - S2-S4
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| Specific tract which conducts proprioception and discriminating(fine) touch. | Posterior White Column - Medial Leminscal System
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| Parasympathetics have _______(long, short) preganglionic fibers. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are _________ (myelinated, non-myelinated) | Long, Myelinated
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| What is meant by an intersegmental reflex? | This is when the impulse involves more than 1 spinal cord segment.
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| What is meant by an ipsilateral reflex? | Impulse and effector are on the same side of the body.
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| (A.) Draw a simple CROSS SECTION of the spinal cord with dorsal & ventral roots attached. Now draw in thhe components (cell bodies, fibers, etc) of a CROSSED EXTENSOR reflex arc. (B.) Does the reflex illustrate the principle of the common path? | A. Draw on your own... B. Yes this illustrats the Principle of the Common Path
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| (A.) Draw a simple CROSS SECTION of the spinal cord with dorsal & ventral roots attached. Now draw in thhe components (cell bodies, fibers, etc) of a STRETCH reflex arc. (B.) What is the stimulas which causes reflex? C. Is this contralateral reflex? | A. Draw on your own... B. myotaxisor stretch on the muscle spindle fibers. C. no, its an ipsilateral reflex.
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| The effector organ of a somatic reflex arc. | Skeletal m.
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| Pharmacological classification of postganglionic sympathetics to arrector pili muscles? | Adrenergic
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| Pharmacological classification of postganglionic sympathetic fibers? | Adrenergic
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| Pharmacological classification of preganglionic sympathetic fibers? | Cholenergic
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| Describe in detail how most parasympathetics are supplied to pelvic viscera? | Preganglionics via pelvic splanchnic nerves, S2-4,synapse in the parasympathetic terminal ganglia near or in walls of viscera. Postganglionics to pelvic viscera, descending & sigmoid colon, rectum & upper part of anal canal.
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| Describe in detail how most parasympathetics are supplied to thoracic and abdominal viscera. | Preganglionics via cranial nerve 10 to synapse in parasympathetic terminal ganglia. Postganglionics to thoracic and abdominal viscera.
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| What does a sympathetic splanichnic nerve primarily contain? Where does it end? (be specific) | Preganglionic Fibers; the terminal and synapse in the collateral ganglia. (Upon termination of the splanchnic nerves, postganglionic fibers then travel from collateral ganglia to innervate viscera.)
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| A. In general, where are the parasympathetic ganglia located? B. Afferent fibers using parasympathetic routes are, in general, of what type? (do NOT give letter classification) | A. They are located in or near the organ to be innervated. B. Physiological afferent
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| NAME (name NOT number) the cranial nerve innervating the superior oblique muscle? | Trochlear N.
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| The cranial nerves containing BOTH motor and sensory fibers(just list cranial nerve numbers). | CN. 5,7,9,10
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| The MOTOR only cranial nerves. | CN 3,4,6,11,12
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| Specific tract which conducts pain, temperature, pressure and crude touch. | Spinothalamic Tract
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| Besides being a 3 sensory neuron relay, list 4 general principals about afferent tracts to the cerebral cortex. | 1. principle of divergence; 2. discriminating awareness occurs in the cerebral cortex; 3. crude awareness occurs in thalamus; 4. neuron #2 decussates
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| How are preganglionic parasympathetics supplied to thoracic and abdominal viscera? | Preganglionics via CN 10(Vagus) to the terminal parasympathetic ganglion (near or in visceral wall); postaganglionics to thoracic and abdominal viscera
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| How are preganglionic parasympathetics supplied to abdominal and pelvic viscera? | Preganglionics via pelvic splanchnics (S2-4) to terminal ganglia. Postganglionics to abdominal and pelvic viscera.
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| Parasympathetics arise only from these specific cranial nerves. | CN 3,7,9,10
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| Discuss in detail how most sympathetics are supplied to the head. You may begin with the white ramus communicans. | Preganglionics go up, through the upper cervical ganglion, synapse there, then the postganglionic sympathetic neurons go to the head structures.
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| Discuss in detail how most sympathetics are supplied to the thoracic viscera. You may begin with the white ramus communicans. | Preganglionics - synapse in the superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia and C1-4 ganglia of sympathetic trunk. Postganglionics - go to the thoracic viscera via small visceral branches.
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| Name the main collateral ganglia. | Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, celiac
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| Cranial nerve that supplies only the superior oblique muscle. | CN IV (4)Trochlear N
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| Innervation of anterior belly of digastric? | CN V (5)Trigeminal N
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| Innervation of posterior digastric? | CN VII (7) Facial N
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| Cranial nerve that innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (taste and general sensation) | Glossopharyngeal
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| Specific tract which decussates (crosses) in the pyramids of the medulla (be very specific) | Lateral Corticospinal Tract
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| Cranial Nerve that supplies the superior, medial and inferior rectus, inferior oblique and levators palpebrae superior muscles? | CN III (3) Oculomotor N
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| Cranial nerve that supplies the lacrimal gland, sublingual gland, submandibular glands and other minor glands and mucosa. | CN VII (7) Facial N.
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| The lateral horn of the spinal cord functionally contains __________ (3 letter classification) neuron cell bodies. These neurons start impulses which innervate _________. | GVE; glands, cardiac m., smooth m.
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| The SENSORY ONLY Cranial Nerves? | CN 1,2,8
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| Cranial Nerve that supplies the lateral rectus m.? | CN VI (6) Abducens
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| Mnemonic for Cranial Nerves. | Oh, Oh, Oh! To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, AH!
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| Mnemonic for Sensory, Motor or Both. | Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Bad Business Marry Money
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| Describe the basic structure of the tempror-mandibular joint. (BE DETAILED AND COMPLETE!) | The mandibular fossa, and mandibular chondyle are both covered w/ fibrocartilage. There is fibrocartilagenous disk which separates the articular capsule into an upper and lower compartment. The joint is considered a hinge, and a plane joint
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| Describe the basic structure of the tempror-mandibular joint. (BE DETAILED AND COMPLETE!) | Answer #2; 1.)Fibrocartilagenous cover for articular surfaces instead of hyaline. 2.)Fibrocartilagenous disc in articular space, which seperates space into upper and lower compartments.
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| Give the SPECIFIC named areas of mandibular attachments of the: a. stylomandibular ligament; b. sphenomandibular ligament; c. lateral ligament | a. from styloid process to the lower mandibular ramus; b. spine of sphenoid to the lingula of the mandible foramen; c. lateral ligament-lateral surface of neck of ramus of mandible
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| Discuss the movements of the structural components of the TM Joint during opening of the mouth. (NO MUSCLES) Also Worded as: Discuss the specific movements of the articular disk and mandibular condyle? | Protraction: mandibular condyle & articular disc move forward until the articular tubercle (upper compartment); Depression: mandibular condyle roatates under the articular disc (lower compartment)
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| Upon OPENING the mouth, the patient's jaw involuntarily deviates to the left. This would predominately indicate a lack of function of the _______ muscle of the _______(right, left) side? | Lateral Pterygoid; Left
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| Upon OPENING the mouth, the patient's jaw involuntarily deviates to the right. This would predominately indicate a lack of function of the _______ muscle of the _______(right, left) side? | Lateral Pterygoid; Right
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| Of the 4 MAJOR muscles of mastication, name the muscle that PRIMARILY responsible for: a. protraction of the mandible; b. retraction of the mandible | A. Lateral Pterygoid; B. Temporalis
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| Of the 4 MAJOR muscle of mastication, which is/are capable of the following action(s)? Give name even if it provides onle a slight contribution. A. elevate(s) the mandible B. depress(es) the mandible | A. masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid; b. lateral pterygoid
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| Portion of the maxilla bearing teeth sockets? | Alveolar Processes
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| Name the ligaments responsible for reinforcing the temporomandibular joint? | Lateral TM Ligament, Stylomandibular ligament, Sphenomandibular ligament
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| Muscle of mastication which originates in part from the tuberosity of the maxilla? | Medial Ptergoid
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| Origin of the masseter muscle? | Zygomatic arch
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| Name the structure(s) transmitted by the following skull openings: a. stylomastoid foramen; b. foramen cecum; c. mandibular foramen; d. internal acoustic meatus; e. foramen rotundum; f. condylar/condyloid canal | a. stylomastoid f.-Some of CN 7; b. f. cecum -Emissary Veins; c. mandibular- Inferior Alveolar NAV; d. IAM - CN 7,8; e. f. rotundum - CN 5 Trigeminal Division 2 (V2); f. condylar/condyloid canal-Emissary Veins
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| Name the structure(s) transmitted by the following skull openings: g. Cribiform Plate; h. mastoid foramen; i. jugular foramen; j. foramen spinosum; k. foramen ovale; | g. Cribiform Plate-(filaments of)CN1;
h. mastoid f.-Emissary Veins;
i. jugular f.-internal jugular v., CN9 glossopharyngeal, 10 Vagus, 11 Spiral Accessory;
j. f. spinosum-middle meningeal a.;
k. f. ovale-1/3 mandibular division of trigeminal n.;
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| Name given to the closed posterolateral fontanelle? | Asterion
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| Name given to the closed anterior fontanelle? | Bregma
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| Suture usually present in fetus; usually disappears on adult? | Metopic(frontal)Suture
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| Named PORTION of the temporal bone containig the INNER ear? | Petrous Portion
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| Named part of the maxilla containing the maxillary sinus? | Body
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| BONE that articulates posteriorly with the ethmoid and anteriorly with the frontal process of the maxilla. | Lacrimal
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| Name given to the large space between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid; it transmits certain cranial nerves? | Superior Orbital Fissure
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| Name given to the CLOSED anterolateral fontanelle? | Pterion
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| Part of the bony nasal septum that articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid? | Vomer
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| A deep HORIZONTAL groove extending from the internal occipital protuberance and joining the "sulcus for the sigmoid sinus"? | Sulcus for the transverse sinus
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| Ridge over each orbit? | Supracilliary Arch
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| Part of the sphenoid on which the hypophyseal fossa is located; this part is also known as "Turk's Saddle"? | Sella Turcica
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| A pair of projections for muscle attachments on the anterior INNER surface of the mandible? | Mental Spines
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| Midline projection in anterior cranial cavity - falx cerbri, a sheet of dura, attached here; also known as the "cock's comb"? | Cristae Galli
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| Origin of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle. | Lateral surface of medial pterygoid plate
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| Basilar portion of occipital bone, anterior to the foramen magnum and fused to sphenoid; term means "declining part"? | Clivus
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| Large opening on floor of orbit seperating the orbital plate of the maxilla and greater wing of sphenoid? | Inferior orbital fissure
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| Name given to where the ramus and body of the mandible meet? | Angle of mandible
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| Pointed projections extending over the sella turcica for attachment of sura; they are located on lesser wings of sphenoid? | Anterior Clinoid Process
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| Origin of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid m.? | Greater wing of the sphenoid
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| Bone contributing LEAST to the bony orbit? | Palatine
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| Suture between the squamosal part of the temporal bone and the parietal bone? | Squamosal Suture
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| Smooth area in the midline between the the 2 supracilliary arches? | Glabella
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| Curved ridge/line extending laterally from the EOP? | Superior Nuchal Line
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| L-shaped bone that contributes to the orbit, hard palate, and lateral wall of nasal cavity? | Palatine
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| Forms part of the bony nasal septum; articulates with the vomer inferiorly? | Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
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| Insertion of the POSTERIOR scalene muscle? | 2nd Rib
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| Muscle best developed in cervical region, also present in lumbar region. Absent in most of the thoracic area; act to extend the vertebral column, but does not bend it laterally? | Interspinalis
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