Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 3 (Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology) Cells
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| Smallest living subunits of a multicellular organism, such as a human being. | Cell
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| Made of phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins. Also called "plasma membrane" | Cell membrane
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| Certain substances are permitted to pass through and others are not | Selectively permeable
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| Within the cytoplasm and is bounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane; contains one or more nucleoli and the chromosomes of the cell. | Nucleus
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| How many chromosomes does a human cell have? | 46
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| Made up of long trheads of chromatin. | Chromosomes
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| Watery solution of minerals, gases, organic molecules, and cell organelles that is found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. | Cytoplasm
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| Water portion of cytoplasm. | Cytosol
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| Extensive network of membranous tubules that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. | Endoplasmic reticulum
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| Very small structures made of protein and ribosomal RNA; some are found on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum, while others float in the cytoplasm. | Ribosomes
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| A series of flat, membranous sacs. | Golgi apparatus
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| Oval or spherical organelles bounded by a double membrane. | Mitochondria
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| Oxygen-requiring | Aerobic
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| Non-oxygen-requiring | Anaerobic
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| Single-membrane structures that contain digestive enzymes; their enzymes destroy bacteria when it's engulfed by certain white blood cells. | Lysosomes
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| Pair of rod-shaped structures perpandicular to one another, located just outside the nucleus; they organize the spindle fibers during cell division. | Centrioles
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| moblie threadl-like projections throughought the cell membrane. | Cilia/Flagella
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| Folds of the cell membrane on the surface of a cell; greatly increase the surface area of the membrane and are part of the cells lining organs that absorb materials. | Microvilli
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| Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentrationl. | Diffusion
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| Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (water will move from an area with more water present to an area with less water). | Osmosis
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| Molecules move through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. | Facilitated diffusion
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| Requires the energy of ATP to move molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration. | Active transport
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| Requires energy: Water and dissolved materials are forced through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. | Filtration
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| White blood cell engulfing bacteria. | Phagocytosis
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| Abbreviation fro Ribonucleic acid | RNA
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| Abbreviation fro Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA
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| Phases of mitosis: | Prophase, metaphase,anaphase, telophase
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| Complex process of cell division that results in the formation of egg and sperm cells. | Meiosis
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| Egg and sperm cells. | Gametes
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| One cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides into two identical cells. | Mitosis
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| Cells characterized by uncontrolled cell division. | Malignant
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| Characteristic of only malignant cells. | Metastasis
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| ________ tumors do not metastasize but remain localized in their primary site. | Benign
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| Genetic change that brings about abnormal cell functions or responses and often leads to a series of mutations. | Mutation
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| Environmental substances that cause mutations. | Carcinogens
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| Half the usual number. | Haploid
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| Usual number | Diploid
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| Meiosis in the ovaries (women). | Oogenesis
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| Meiosis in the testes (men). | Spermatogenesis
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| Egg unites with the sperm in ___________. | Fertilization
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