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a&p;;chapter3cells
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 3 (Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology) Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Smallest living subunits of a multicellular organism, such as a human being. | Cell |
| Made of phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins. Also called "plasma membrane" | Cell membrane |
| Certain substances are permitted to pass through and others are not | Selectively permeable |
| Within the cytoplasm and is bounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane; contains one or more nucleoli and the chromosomes of the cell. | Nucleus |
| How many chromosomes does a human cell have? | 46 |
| Made up of long trheads of chromatin. | Chromosomes |
| Watery solution of minerals, gases, organic molecules, and cell organelles that is found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. | Cytoplasm |
| Water portion of cytoplasm. | Cytosol |
| Extensive network of membranous tubules that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| Very small structures made of protein and ribosomal RNA; some are found on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum, while others float in the cytoplasm. | Ribosomes |
| A series of flat, membranous sacs. | Golgi apparatus |
| Oval or spherical organelles bounded by a double membrane. | Mitochondria |
| Oxygen-requiring | Aerobic |
| Non-oxygen-requiring | Anaerobic |
| Single-membrane structures that contain digestive enzymes; their enzymes destroy bacteria when it's engulfed by certain white blood cells. | Lysosomes |
| Pair of rod-shaped structures perpandicular to one another, located just outside the nucleus; they organize the spindle fibers during cell division. | Centrioles |
| moblie threadl-like projections throughought the cell membrane. | Cilia/Flagella |
| Folds of the cell membrane on the surface of a cell; greatly increase the surface area of the membrane and are part of the cells lining organs that absorb materials. | Microvilli |
| Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentrationl. | Diffusion |
| Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (water will move from an area with more water present to an area with less water). | Osmosis |
| Molecules move through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. | Facilitated diffusion |
| Requires the energy of ATP to move molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration. | Active transport |
| Requires energy: Water and dissolved materials are forced through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. | Filtration |
| White blood cell engulfing bacteria. | Phagocytosis |
| Abbreviation fro Ribonucleic acid | RNA |
| Abbreviation fro Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA |
| Phases of mitosis: | Prophase, metaphase,anaphase, telophase |
| Complex process of cell division that results in the formation of egg and sperm cells. | Meiosis |
| Egg and sperm cells. | Gametes |
| One cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides into two identical cells. | Mitosis |
| Cells characterized by uncontrolled cell division. | Malignant |
| Characteristic of only malignant cells. | Metastasis |
| ________ tumors do not metastasize but remain localized in their primary site. | Benign |
| Genetic change that brings about abnormal cell functions or responses and often leads to a series of mutations. | Mutation |
| Environmental substances that cause mutations. | Carcinogens |
| Half the usual number. | Haploid |
| Usual number | Diploid |
| Meiosis in the ovaries (women). | Oogenesis |
| Meiosis in the testes (men). | Spermatogenesis |
| Egg unites with the sperm in ___________. | Fertilization |
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