SS chapt 5 lessons 1-3-The Struggle to Found Colonies
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| Roanoke Island | England's first attempt
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| Virginia | where three English ships carrying 120 colonists reached in 1607
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| Jamestown | a peninsula in the Hudson River where they chose to unload their ships
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| Queen Elizabeth I | ruled England from 1558 to 1603; wanted colonies in North America
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| Walter Raleigh | close advisor to Queen Elizabeth I; offered to orgnize the first colony in North America
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| John White | led men, women, and childrent to Roanoke Island to start a colony
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| Francis Drake | Famous English captain; began a historic voyage around the world; his ship was captured by the Spanish; called the "Master Thief" by the Spanish
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| John Smith | called Jamestown "a very fit place for erecting a great city"; but he was wrong because the land was low and swampy
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| Chief Powhatan | leader of the Powhatan people; John Smith traded corn with him which helped keep the colonists alive
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| Pocahontas | Chief Powatan's youngest daughter who visited Jamestown often; saved John Smith's life when she persuaded her father to let him go
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| John Rolfe | raised a crop of tobacco in the rich soil of Virginia
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| King James I | did not approve of tobacco and called smoking "hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs"; he was right about the harmful effects of smoking
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| charter | a document that permitted colonists to settle on land claimed by their ruler
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| stock | shares in a company; the way owners of the Virginia Company raised money by selling it
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| cash crop | crop grown for profit; tobacco was Virginia's first
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| indentured servant | a person who agrees to work for someone for a certain amount of time in exchange for the cost of the ocean voyage to North America; they hoped to buy land of their own when they gained their freedom
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| House of Burgesses | the first law-making assembly in an English colony; members were chosed to represent each district; helped establish the tradition of self-government in the English colonies
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| why did the English and Spanish want colonies in America | to find gold and other natural resources
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| why was Walter Raleigh a good choice as the organizer of the first English colony in North America? | explored North America in the early 1580's
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| how did a war between England and Spain affect the fate of the Roanoke Island settlement? | England needed all of its ships for the war, so John White could not return with a shipload of supplies until years later
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| two items the Virginia company needed before it could build a settlement in Virginia | money to support the colony and a charter from King James I
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| How John Smith helped the Jamestown colony survive | the colonists focused more on survival than on finding gold under this person's leadership
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| this caused Jamestown and nearby farms to grow rapidly after 1612 | the cash crop tobacco began to be cultivated
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| this motivated most indentured servants to leave their home country for Jamestown | the hope of being able to buy their own land when they gained their freedom
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| something significant about the House of Burgesses | it was the first law making assembly in an English colony
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| Quebec | a French colony founded by Samuel de Champlain located on the St. Lawrence River
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| St. Lawrence River | where millions of beavers lived; beaver fur was used for profit in Europe; where Quebec was founded
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| New France | name of the French colonies; French colonies in North America, including Montreal
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| Hudson River | named after Henry Hudson; Hudson thought it would become the Northwest Passage, but it was too shallow for travel
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| New Netherland | Dutch coloines in North America; another name for Holland
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| New Amsterdam | Dutch built this town on Manhatten Island; from this spot the Dutch could control trade on the Hudson River; ideal location helped it become the biggest and most important Dutch settlement in North America
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| Samuel de Champlain | French explorer; part of an expedition tht explored the St. Lawrence River; part of an epedition that explored the St. Lawrence River
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| Henry Hudson | had a river named after him; English sea captain who went in search for new water routes to Asia
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| John Cabot | sailed under the flag of England; reached the mainland of North America in 1497
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| Jacques Cartier | born in France; sailed under the flag of France and reached present day Canada in 1534
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| Giovanni de Verrazano | Born in Italy; sailed under the French flag of France; became the first European to reach the mouth of what became known as the Hudson River in 1525
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| Explorers of North America | Cabot, da Verrazano, Cartier, de Champlain, Hudson
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| Northwest Passage | a waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
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| Reason explorers searched for the Northwest Passage | to make it easier for ships to sail from Europe to Asia
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| Even though he failed to find the Northwest Passage, what did Champlain accomplish? | claimed land for the French
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| Even though he failed to find the Northwest Passage, what did Hudson accomplish? | claimed land for the Dutch
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| the Dutch settlers chose Manhatten Island as the site of New Amsterdam for this reason | to be able to control trade on the Hudson River
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| the search for the Northwest Passage led to the founding of New France and New Netherland this way | explorers found places that were good for colonies because they had good transportation and abundant natural resources
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| New England | named by John Smith; where the pilgrims landed which was much farther north than Cape Cod
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| Plymouth | the rocky harbor; where the Pilgrims decided to find a place to settle
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| Boston | a peninsula in Massachusetts Bay
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| Masschusetts Bay Colony | name Puritans called their colony
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| William Bradford | leader of a group of Separatists; this group wanted to separate from the Church of England
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| Samoset | a Native American who walked into their settlemtn and called out "Welcome, Englishmen!"; learned English from fishermen and traders
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| Squanto | Native American; captured by European traders and sold into slavery in Spain; later freed and went to England where he learned English
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| failed to find the Northwest Passage | Cabot, da Verrazano, Cartier
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| Native Americans who learned to speak English | Squanto and Samoset
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| Massasoit | leader of Wamponoag people; Squanto helped the Pilgrims make a peace treaty with this leader
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| Pilgrim | person who travels to a new place for religious reasons
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| Seperatist | group of people from England who wanted to separate themselves from the Church of England; some traveled to North America in search of religious freedom
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| persecution | unjust treatment because of one's beliefs
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| Puritan | group of people who wanted to "purify" the Church of England; they established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630
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| Mayflower Compact | plan of government written by the Pilgrims who sailed on the Mayflower
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| Main reason the Pilgrims came to New England | religious freedom
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| What factor caused the Pilgrims to land at Cape Cod rather than in Virginia as planned | bad weather pushed them off course
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| the Mayflower Compact was a step toward self government because | said that the Pilgrim's government would creat fair laws for the good of everyone at Plymouth; those who signed it agreed to obey those laws
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| the way Native Americans helped the Pilgrims | showed them where to hunt and fish and how to grow corn
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| the Puritans and Pilgrims left England because | faced persecution for their religious beliefs
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| what does John Winthrop's statement mean when he compared the Puritan colony to a "City upon a hill" | Puritans should set an example for others to see and follow: Puritans should be as visible as a city on a hill
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