AP US hist midterm
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| The summoning of Virginia's House of Burgesses marked an important precedent because it | was the first of many miniature parliaments to convene in America
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| Atlantic slave trade | supplied large amounts of cheap labor to the New World, triangle trade
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| For those Africans who were sold into slavery, the middle passage can best be described as | the gruesome ocean voyage to America
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| One of the important factors that first stimulated European interest in trade and discovery was | the Christian crusaders who brought back a taste for the silks and spices of Asia
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| The Portuguese were the first to enter the slave trade and establish large-scale plantations using slave labor in | the Atlantic sugar islands; Portuguese used caravels- ships that maneuvered against the wind
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| Christopher Columbus | landed on shore of America in 1492; wanted to sail west to Asia and Indies
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| Columbian exchange | plants, animals, language, disease, technology; between Europeans and Indians
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| As a result of Bacon's Rebellion, | planters began to look for less troublesome laborers (instead of indentured servants)
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| Match associated item with colony: A. Plymouth B. Connecticut c. Massachusetts Bay | A. Mayflower Compact
B. Fundamental Orders
C. General Court
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| The Separatists migrated from Holland to the New World in order to | avoid the Dutchification of their children
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| As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams | established complete religious freedom for all & separation of church and state
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| New York was originally founded by | the Dutch
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| New York and Pennsylvania were similar in that they both | had ethnically mixed populations
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| Spanish explorers in North America | looked for gold
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| Which crop made Jamestown and the Virginia Company profitable? | tobacco
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| In 1664, New Netherland became and English colony when | Charles II gave the land to this brother James, the duke of York
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| The Toleration Act was passed in 1649 to | protect the rights of all Christians to practice their religion
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| Enlightenment thinkers | John Locke
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| North vs South economies | North- small subsistence farming, South- large plantations
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| Navigation Acts | Passed by Parliament to ensure safety of British ships
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| Pontiac was considered a hero amongst his tribe because | he developed a plan to drive the British out
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| What was the significance of the Iroquois League? | It was an alliance of Native Americans who sided with Britain during French-Indian war
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| The purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to | avoid conflicts with Native Americans by stopping colonists from migrating west; angered colonists- they felt they were entitled to land since they fought in war as well, land was birthright
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| Jonathan Edwards | a religious figure, frightened followers into being religious, repent sins or risk the fiery pits of hell
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| Declaration of Ind | advocates for citizens' natural rights, life, liberty & pursuit of happiness
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| One purpose of the Declaration of Ind was to | explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted
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| Triangle Trade | trade routes linking Africa, Americas, and West Indies
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| sugar act | passed to raise money & pay for housing soldiers in the colonies
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| Response to Intolerable Acts | colonists convened for First Continental Congress
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| The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the Americans because it | brought the colonists much-needed aid and a formal alliance with France
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| When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists | suspected that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of "no taxation without representation"
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| Stamp act | generated most protest in the colonies, affected people who led public opinions (lawyers, religious leaders..)
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| Sons and daughters of liberty | protested British parliament's new taxes by boycotting British imports, organized people
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| quartering act | made colonists unhappy, they had no choice
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| Quebec act | made colonists afraid their ability to move west would be limited
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| Patrick Henry | "give me liberty or give me death" words inspired country men to start militia
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| Which individual privately advocated equality for women? | Abigail Adams
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| As the war for independence began, Britain had the advantage of | overwhelming national wealth and $$$$, also trained soldiers
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| As the war for independence began, the colonies' DID NOT HAVE | reliable and well-supplied troops, potential aid from the Armed Neutrality League, a well-organized united population, able navy leaders
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| Colonists DID HAVE | many outstanding civil and military leaders
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| Branches of Governments/roles | Legislative/congress = most powerful
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| confederation | an association of independent sovereign states with certain common goals; proved to be a weakness
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| Northwest Ordinance | needed 60,000 people to become a state
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| Virginia Plan | proposed a national government that had 3 branches, branches would be based on the states' population
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| Bill of Rights was intended to protect _______ against the potential tyranny of _______ | individual liberties, a strong central government
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| All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except A. the right to vote for all citizens B. freedom of speech C. freedom of religion D. freedom of the press E. right to a trial by jury | A. the right to vote for all citizens
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| Constitutional convention | process for approval of the Constitution by the individual state legislatures
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| The Federalist Papers | were written by Jay, Hamilton & Madison; convincing arguments for Constitution
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| Articles of Confederation | plan/idea for first National constitution
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| Antifederalists | against constitution, for weaker central government, for state's rights, Thomas Jefferson
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| Shays's rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for | a stronger central government
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| Political parties | Hamilton and Jefferson differ over government's power & foreign relations
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| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | written as responses to Sedition and Alien acts
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| Alexander Hamilton | secured government's financial position
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| Whiskey Rebellion | government has power to enforce laws
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| In Jay's Treaty, Britain | promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest; ships were not guaranteed protection
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| XYZ affair | congress cut trade and war time treaties with France
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| Alien and Sedition Acts | designed to protect America from foreign enemies
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| Pickney's Treaty | access to New Orleans, Mississippi River; treaty with Spain
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| 1. The House of Burgesses was an important precedent because | it was the 1st mini parliament in US
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| 2. A similarity between New York and Pennsylvania during the colonial period | cultural diversity
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| 3. Early female voice for women’s rights | Abigail Adams
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| 4. At least three differences between the Northern and Southern colonies | North- longer life span, “invented” grandparents, town governments; South- slave labor, agricultural
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| 5. Description of Native Americans by Spanish conquistadores | uneducated savages
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| 6. Phillis Wheatley’s literary talent | 1st African slave poet; poetry
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| 7. Mercantilist beliefs | gold & silver, exports > imports, large army & navy
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| 8. Impact of the egalitarian movement after the American Revolution | North abolished slavery, still no women’s rights
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| 9. Identify the colony that the following belonged to…Fundamental Orders, General Court, Mayflower Compact | FO = Connecticut; GC = Massachusetts Bay; MC = Plymouth
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| 10. Emphasis of colonial schools | religion
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| 11. Women’s role according to “republican motherhood” | be good citizens, raise children well
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| 12. Would most Puritans view themselves as Separatists? | no
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| 13. Federalist Papers assertion regarding minority rights | strong republic would protect minority rights
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| 14. English conditions that stimulated Puritan Migration | religious persecution, unemployment, “dutchification” of children
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| 15. One part of Hamilton’s financial plan that was rejected by Congress | large protective tariff (for young US industries)
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| 16. Key belief of 18th Century Deism | belief in supreme power
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| 17. Impact of the First Great Awakening | more religious
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