Flashcards from chapter 4 of Berkley Review's chemistry book (2010)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arrhenius acid | yields H3O+ when hadded to H2O
🗑
|
||||
| Arrhenius base | yields OH- when added to H2O
🗑
|
||||
| Bronsted-Lowry acid | Proton donor
🗑
|
||||
| Bronsted-Lowry base | Proton acceptor
🗑
|
||||
| Lewis acid | Electron pair acceptor
🗑
|
||||
| Lewis base | Electron pair donor
🗑
|
||||
| Amphoteric | Can act as either an acid or a base
🗑
|
||||
| Hydronium concentration @ 25C | 1x10-7M ph=7
🗑
|
||||
| Ka | [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
🗑
|
||||
| pKa | pKa -log(Ka)
🗑
|
||||
| Ka from pKa | Ka = 10^-pKa
🗑
|
||||
| Dissociation | acids dissociate in water
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrolysis | bases under go hydrolysis in water
🗑
|
||||
| Equation relating pKa(HA) and pKb(A-) | pKa(HA) + pKb(A-) = 14
🗑
|
||||
| pKa and Ka as acid strength increases | pKa goes down, Ka goes up
🗑
|
||||
| Strong acids | HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4
🗑
|
||||
| Strong bases | LiOH, KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, KOCH3, NaNH2, Li(CH2)3CH3
🗑
|
||||
| Weak acid | 0 < pKa < 14
🗑
|
||||
| Very weak acid | pKa > 14
🗑
|
||||
| Kw | 1x10^-14
🗑
|
||||
| Haloacid trends | * As halogen size increases, acid strength increases
* Within a period, acidity increases with increasing electronegativity of halogen
🗑
|
||||
| Haloacid | Of the form HX
🗑
|
||||
| Oxyacids | Hydrogen dissociates from oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| Oxyacids trends | * More oxygens bonded to central atom means more acidic (most important trend)
* If same number of O's, increasing electronegativty of central atom increases acidity
🗑
|
||||
| For oxyacids, change in pKa with each additional O | pKa decreases by approximately 5 for every O gained
🗑
|
||||
| Metal oxides | lewis base
🗑
|
||||
| metal hydroxides | bronsted-lowry base
🗑
|
||||
| pKa Carboxylic acid | 3-5, (2-3 in amimo acid)
🗑
|
||||
| pKa phenol | 9.5-10.5
🗑
|
||||
| pKa alkyl ammonium cation | 9-11 (9-10 in amino acid)
🗑
|
||||
| non-metal oxides | lewis acid
🗑
|
||||
| non-metal hydroxides | bronsted-lowry acids
🗑
|
||||
| Normality | moles of equivalents per liter solution. 1.0 molar diprotic acid is 2.0N
🗑
|
||||
| pH formula | pH = -log[H3O+]
🗑
|
||||
| relating pH and pOH | pH + pOH = 14
🗑
|
||||
| log(2) | 0.3
🗑
|
||||
| log(3) | 0.48
🗑
|
||||
| log(a*b) | log(a) + log(b)
🗑
|
||||
| log(a/b) | log(a) - log(b)
🗑
|
||||
| -log(a x 10^-b) | b - log(a)
🗑
|
||||
| relationship between Ka and Kb | Ka*Kb = 10^-14
🗑
|
||||
| Formula for pH estimation | pH = (1/2)*pKa - (1/2)*log[HA]
🗑
|
||||
| Formula for pOH estimation | pOH = (1/2)*pKb - (1/2)*log[A-]
🗑
|
||||
| pH > pKa (protonated or deprotonated) | deprotonated
🗑
|
||||
| pH < pKa (protonated or deprotonated) | protonated
🗑
|
||||
| HH equation for buffers | pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid])
works for both concentrations and moles
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
kcurtiss
Popular MCAT sets