Geography
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| While in the service of Spain in 1542, this Portuguese explorer discovered San Diego Bay & Catalina Island in California | Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
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| This Portuguese explorer commanded the first fleet to reach India from Europe in 1498 and was given the title Admiral of the Indian Sea | Vasco de Gama
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| On Christmas Day, 1497 this Portuguese navigator sighted & named Natal in South Africa | Vasco de Gama
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| The brother of this leader Thorvald, is believed to be the first known European to have died in the Americas | Leif Ericson
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| By presidential proclamation, October 9 is set aside to honor this Viking & all Americans of Nordic heritage | Leif Ericson
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| In the 990s this son of Erik the Red brought Christianity to Greenland and founded Vinland | Leif Ericson
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| Banned from Iceland for 3 years after being convicted of manslaughter, this son of Thorvald headed to Greenland in 982 | Erik the Red
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| A sled is named after this Norwegian explorer who crossed Greenland in an attempt to find the North Pole | Fridtjof Nansen
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| This Scottish explorer discovered the Niger River | Mungo Park
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| Between 1801 & 1803 he became the first person to circumnavigate Australia | Matthew Flinders
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| He led the first known expedition across Anarctica | Vivian Fuchs
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| Born in Brittany, he voyaged to Canada & discovered the St. Lawrence River where he founded Montreal. | Jacques Cartier
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| In 1615 this explorer who has a large island & bay named for him searched for the Northwest Passage | William Baffin
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| He was standing on Darien Peak on the isthmus of Panama with his dog when he became the first European to see the Pacific | Vasco Nunez de Balboa
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| Born Giovanni Caboto, this Genoese born Venetian did his exploring in North America in the service of England and had a son named Sebastian | John Cabot
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| In the 15th century, this Portuguese prince established a school of navigation at Sagres, his castle where he developed the caravel | Prince Henry the Navigator
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| The first European to round Africa's southern tip, he found Cape Agulhas, Africa's southernmost point | Bartolomeo Dias
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| In 1499 and 1501, in the service of Portugal, this Florentine sailed for the new world that Martin Waldseemuller named for him | Amerigo Vespucci
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| In 1524 this Florentine navigator became the first European to visit the New York area | Giovanni da Verrazano
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| He was buried in San Juan under a stone that read "Beneath this stone repose the bones of the valiant lion..." after he was killed by natives in Florida | Ponce de Leon
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| After his terms as governor of Puerto Rico, he went looking for the Fountain of Youth and instead discovered Florida in 1513 | Ponce de Leon
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| This 16th C. explorer whose name means "head of a cow" led a small band of men from Florida to Mexico | Cabeza de Vaca
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| Beginning near Tampa Bay in 1539, this man led the first European exploration to see the Mississippi | Hernando de Soto
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| He fought alongside Pizarro in Peru before becoming a governor of Cuba | Hernando de Soto
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| He conquered the Aztecs in 1521 and became the 1st captain general of New Spain | Hernando Cortes
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| This Spanish explorer looked throughout the American Southwest for the 7 Cities of Cibola | Francisco de Coronado
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| This Danish explorer discovered Alaska for Russia in 1741 | Vitus Bering
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| A river is named for this man born in Scotland in 1764, the first European known to have crossed Canada and has its longest river named after him | Sir Alexander Mackenzie
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| These two Frenchmen explorer the Mississippi River area | Marquette and Joliet
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| In 1682 he claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France; 5 years later, his own men killed him in Texas | La Salle
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| This founder of Quebec and father or New France also discovered the large lake named for him and Cape Cod in the early 1600s | Samuel Champlain
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| This 17th century English sea captain gave his name to a large North American bay, a river & a strait while serving the Dutch | Henry Hudson
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| Among his ships were the Hopewell, Discovery, and Half Moon and he was set adrift by mutiny in 1611 in Hudson Bay | Henry Hudson
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| He published a history of Virginia & New England in 1624, after escaping from Turks, Indians & pirates partly thanking Pocahontas. He was also president of Jamestown and had an accident with gunpowder | Captain John Smith
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| According to legend, he was a swineherd before he conquered the Incas and founded Lima before being murdered by his followers | Francisco Pizarro
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| Nicknamed "Knight of the Cloak", This English courtier introduced the potato to Ireland & popularized tobacco smoking in Britain and was executed in 1618 | Sir Walter Raleigh
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| He set up the Roanoke colony, explored Guyana and the Orinoco River and wrote "History of the World" in the Tower of London. | Sir Walter Raleigh
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| 1st Englishman to sail around the world and the 2nd person in history on his ship the Golden Hind | Sir Francis Drake
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| He raided the Spanish, saved some Roanoke colonists, became mayor of Plymouth and served in Parliament | Sir Francis Drake
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