Virology final
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| DNA Viruses | Parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae, poxviridae, hepadnaviridae
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| Single strand DNA viruses | parvoviridae
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| RNA viruses | picoraviridae, caliciviridae, reoviridae, togaviridae, flaviviridae, arenaviridae, coronaviridae, retroviridae, bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae
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| Double strand RNA Virus | reoviridae
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| segmented RNA viruses | reoviridae, arenaviridae, bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae
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| Diploid RNA viruses | Retroviridae
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| Circular DNA virus | papovaviridae and hepadnaviridae
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| DNA Icosahedral viruses | parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae
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| Complex DNA |
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| DNA Viruses | Parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae, poxviridae, hepadnaviridae
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| Single strand DNA viruses | parvoviridae
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| RNA viruses | picoraviridae, caliciviridae, reoviridae, togaviridae, flaviviridae, arenaviridae, coronaviridae, retroviridae, bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae
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| Double strand RNA Virus | reoviridae
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| segmented RNA viruses | reoviridae, arenaviridae, bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae
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| Diploid RNA viruses | Retroviridae
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| Circular DNA virus | papovaviridae and hepadnaviridae
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| DNA Icosahedral viruses | parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae
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| Complex DNA virus | poxviridae, hepadnaviridae
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| icosahedra RNA virus | picornaviridae, caliciviridae, reoviridae, togaviridae
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| Unknown or complex RNA virus | flaviviridae, arenaviridae, coronaviridae, retroviridae
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| Helical RNA viruses | bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae
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| Vaccines developed before the discovery of viruses | smallpox and rabies
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| Who developed the smallpox vaccine | Edward jenner in 1798 and (jetsy 1774)
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| Who developed the rabies vaccine | Pasteur 1898
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| Who defined viruses as the modern concept | Martinuse Beijerink (1898)
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| How do viruses reproduce | synthesis of compnent parts then assembly into progeny virions
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| Heterogeneous group of agents | vary in size, morphology, complexity, host range, and how they affect hosts
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| Largest virus | Pox virus
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| Smallest virus | poliovirus
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| Two technologies which advanced virology | cell culture and electron microscopy
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| What is cell culture | invitro culture of cells to use for virus propagation ATCC
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| How many cell lines are we familiar with | 3400
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| When was ATCC established | 1925
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| What is electron microscopy | visualization of viruses and their structure
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| Limit of resolution for electron microscope | 3 armstrongs
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| What was the original taxonomic classification of viruses based on? | structure
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| International congress of taxonomy of viruses | 1966
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| How many families of viruses are there | 56
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| Genera of viruses | 233
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| Species of viruses | 1550
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| How do viruses reproduce | synthesis of compnent parts then assembly into progeny virions
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| Heterogeneous group of agents | vary in size, morphology, complexity, host range, and how they affect hosts
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| Largest virus | Pox virus
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| Smallest virus | poliovirus
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| Two technologies which advanced virology | cell culture and electron microscopy
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| What is cell culture | invitro culture of cells to use for virus propagation ATCC
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| How many cell lines are we familiar with | 3400
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| When was ATCC established | 1925
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| What is electron microscopy | visualization of viruses and their structure
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| Limit of resolution for electron microscope | 3 armstrongs
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| What was the original taxonomic classification of viruses based on? | structure
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| International congress of taxonomy of viruses | 1966
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| How many families of viruses are there | 56
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| Genera of viruses | 233
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| Species of viruses | 1550
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| Where will inclusion bodies be seen with DNA viruses | Nucleus
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| Where will inclusion bodies be seen with RNA Viruses | Cytoplasm
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| What is the basic replication process of viruses | Attach, penetrate, replicate, release
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| What is a peplomer? | protein attached to virus envelop or capsule, which recognizes specific host
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| Three ways to propagate viruses? | animals, embryonate chicken eggs, cell cultures
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| Types of cell cultures | primary, diploid, established or continuous
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| What is a primary cell culture | prepared from fresh tissue, cannot be passaged
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| What is a diploid cell lines | can be passaged a limited amount of times
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| What is established or continuous cell line? | transformed, unlimited serial passage
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| Where are vaccines for the flu cultivated | chicken egg...
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| Why is a pH indicator put in cell cultures | to help determine when to add more nutrients and such
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| Why is aseptic technique so important in cell culture | the cells are very good for several cell types
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| what are the two basic cell types used in cell culture? | fiberoblastic and epithelia
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| How can you get cells to release from the flask? | trypsin
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| Where did the use of diploid lines begin? | manasas, virginia
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| CPE | Cytopathic effect
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| What could you expect in the CPE of herpes? | Cell fusion
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| What are four CPE types? | cell lysis, rounding or clumping of cells, cell fusion, inclusion bodies
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| Two types of Immunofluorescence | Direct and indirect
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| What is direct immunofluorescence | used to detect an antigen
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| what is indirect immunofluorescence | used to detect antibodie
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| where are viral antibodies located on the cell | the surface
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| what is normally used in immunofluorescence? | fluorescein isothiocyanate
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| What are three types of disease agents viruses can act as? | cytocidal infection, persistent infection, transformation
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| What does cytocidal mean | cell death and virus release and alterations in cell morphology (CPE)
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| What does persistent infection mean | cell remains viable and virus is released
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| What is a chronic persistent infection | virus is demonstrable and shed
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| What is a latent infection | virus is not demonstrable and shed intermittently
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| what does transformation mean | cell becomes malignant...
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| What does oncogenic mean | tumor producing
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| What does exanthems mean? | rash
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| What is caused by parvovirus B19 | erythema infectiosum and aplastic anemia
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| Bocavirus comes from what words | bovine an canine
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| What is caused by bocavirus | respiratory and gastroenteritis
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| What is 1st disease | rubeola-measles
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| 2nd disease | scarlet fever
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| 3rd disease | rubella
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| 4th disease | filatow-dukes
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| 5th disease | erythema infectiosum
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| 6th | roseola infantum
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| What is erythema infectiosum caused by | Parvovirus B19
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| What is roseola infantum caused by | human herpesvirus 6
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| Papillomavirus is what kind of virus | DNA
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| What does papillomavirus cause | verrucae
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| what is verrucae | warts
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| How many serotypes are there of the papillomavirus | 118
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| how many papillomavirus serotypes are high risk for carcinoma | 15
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| Adenoviruses were originally cultured from | lymphiod tissues (adnodes)
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| What type of virus is an adenovirus | DNA
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| How many serotypes of adenoviruses are there | 50
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| What are the symptoms of an adenovirus | aute respiratory disease, gastroenteritis,
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| Herpesviruses are what kind of virus | DNA enveloped
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| HSV | Herpes simplex virus
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| HSV1 | stomatitis, encephalitis
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| HSV2 | genital
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| Varicella Zoster | VZ
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| Zoster | shingles
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| VZ | Chickenpox
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| Symptoms of VZ | repetic neuralgia-chronic pain due to zoster
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| Epstein-Barr virus | EB
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| EB causes | Mono, beker's lymphoma
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| EB can be latent in | lymphocytes
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| CMV | Cytomegalovirus
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| CMV is seen in | congenital infections important to be avoided during pregnancy
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| HHV7 | transplant recipients
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| HHV8 | Kaposi sarcoma
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| Urotrophic means | likes nerves
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| Normal symptom with herpes viruses | vesicular lesions-like blisters
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| What can you use a Tzanck stain for | diagnostic for herpes
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| What would you expect to see in a tzanck stain of someone with herpes | cells clumped up and inner nuclear inclusions
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| What is a characteristic of cytomegalovirus under the microscope | OWL Eyes
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| Another name for variola | Smallpox
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| Variola belongs to what family of viruses | Poxviridae
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| How is variola transmited | respiratory route
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| What is the incubation period of variola | 12 days
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| What are symptoms are associated with variola | fever headache myalgia nausea vomitting and prostration
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| What can be expected three days into variola | pustular rash
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| What is the case fatality rate for variola | 20-60
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| When was variola eradicated in the US | 1972
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| Hepatitis B Agent? | HBV (hepadnavirus)
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| What kind of virus is HBV | DNA
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| How is HBV transmited? | Blood and body fluids
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| What are symptoms of HBV | jaundice (icterus) fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, intermittent nausea and vomitting
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| What was the previous name of HBV | Australian agent
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| How many HBV are asymptomatic | 50%
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| How man HBV go into chronic infection | 10%
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| When was the HBV vaccine created | 1982
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| what is the sequelae involved in hbv | hepatic cirrhosis or carcinoma
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| Mimivirus has what symptoms | pneumonia
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| what is the acanthamoeba polyphaga associated with | mimivirus
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| what is the mimivirus known as? | mimicking microbe
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| Noticeable characteristics of the mimivirus? | unusually large size and unusual fibers
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| What is the mimivirus suspected to be? | the transistion form between bacteria and virus
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| Picornaviruses are what kind of virus | RNA
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| What virus can be found in the picornaviruses | poliovirus
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| how many serotypes are there in the poliovirus | 3
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| Who developed the vaccines for polio | Saulk-killed virus and Savin-live attenuated
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| Notable picornaviruses? | coxsackie A and B, Echoviruses, enteroviruses, Rhinoviruses
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| Coxsacki A and B respectively have how many serotypes | 23 and 9
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| What can be caused by coxsackie a and b | hand, foot, and mouth dz, conjunctivitis, myocarditis
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| Where did coxsakie get it's name | New York
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| What does Echo stand for? | enteric, cytopathic, human, orphan
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| Echoviruses have how many serotypes | 30
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| what does echoviruses cause | childhood respiratory dz and enxephalomeningitis
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| Enteroviruses have how many serotypes? | 72
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| Type 72 enteroviruses is known as | Hep A
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| Where is enteroviruses most common | little kids
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| Rhinoviruses how many serotypes | 100
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| What does rhinoviruses cause | colds
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| What does arvovirus mean | arthropod borne
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| What type of virus is a reovirus | RNA
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| What is found in the reovirus family | rotaviruses
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| What is the rotaviruses symptoms | castroenteritis/diarrhea
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| Arvovirus is also known as | colorado tick fever
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| Rota means | Wheel
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| Rotavirus is the most common | cause for gastroenteritis in infants
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| What is found in the togaviruses | rubella (german measles)
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| What kind of virus is the Toga virus | RNA
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| What is TORCH screening? | a screen used in pregnancy to test for
T-toxoplasma gondii
R-Rubella
C-cytomegalovirus
H-herpes
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| Symptoms of rubella | rash
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| equine viruses what are they good for | can be transmited to humans... normally around the seaboard-eastern...
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| What causes yellow fever | flaviviruses
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| Flava means | yellow
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| Who created the yellow fever vaccine | walter reed
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| How is dengue fever transmitted | mosquitos
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| What does dengue fever cause | hemoragic disease
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| What is the agent for Hep C | HCV (flavivirus)
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| How is HCV transmitted | IV inchected
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| How many people are asymptomatic for HCV | 80
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| How many people develop chronic infection from HCV | 75-85%
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| What kind of virus is west nile | flavivirus
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| how is west nile transmited | mosquitos (culex)
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| When did west nile first appear in us | 1999
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| What are some members of the areanavirus group | Lassa Fever virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM)
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| When did lassa fever hit the scene | 1970
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| Where can LCM be found | in utero and IC peoples
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| how did Lassa fever get to the US | nurse from africa
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| HIV is what kind of virus | Retroviridae
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| Retroviridae is what kind of virus | RNA
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| What does HIV cause | AIDS
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| What do you see in HIV | CD4 increase and T cell decreased <200
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| what normally kills patients with HIV | opportunistic infections (around 25)
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| What causes Hantavirus | Bunya virus
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| Another name for hantavirus | rift valley fever-from africa
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| what is another name of hantavirus in the four corners | sin nombre virus
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| How is hanta virus transmited | rodent borne (deer mice)
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| What does orthomyxoviruses cause | INFLUENZA
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| How many influenza viruses are there | Three a-c
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| What are the peplomers associated with influenza | H-hemagglutinin
N-neuraminidase
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| What kind of genome does influenza have | segmented
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| H is used for what | infectivitiy
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| N if used for what | replication and releasing
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| How is influenza transmitted | aerolos
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| What is the incubation period of influenza | 1-4 days
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| What are the symptoms of influenza | fever, chills, myalgia, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, GI symptoms
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| What is dyspnea | dificulty breathing
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| what population is influenza most likely going effect the GI system | children
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| how many hospitalizations a year due to influenza | 200k with 36k deaths
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| HOw many H and how many Ns | 16 and 9
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| What is drift | gradual minor changes in subtypes... seasonal variation
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| What is a shift | sudden major change in subtype.... epidemic
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| How often does a shift occur | around every 10 years... last year h1n1
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| What are the types of influenza vaccine | inactivated and live attenuated (nasal spray)
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| What does trivalent mean | 2 a strains and 1 b strain
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| How are influenza's named | serotype/origin/strain designation/year of origin (subtype)
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| five complications of influenza | primary viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, reye's syndrom, myocarditis
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| What is caused by the paramyxoviruses | parainfluenza
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| what is associated with parainfluenza | mumps, measles, and respiratory syncytial virus
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| RSV affects who | newborns and young children
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| What family of viruses do you find rabies | Rhabdaviridae
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| How many cases of rabies a year | 30 since 1990
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| what are the reservoirs for rabies | cats, dogs, bats, racoons, foxes, skunks, coyotes
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| only person to survive rabies | 15 y/o girl in wisconsin in 2004
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| what is the milwaukee protocol | induced coma and amantadine (antivirual drug)
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| what would you expect to see under the microscope in rabies | negri bodies *eosinophillic intracytoplasmic inclusion in neurons of celebellum
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| Prions are | infectious proteins
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| What are two things caused by prions | creutzfeldt jakobs disease (CJD) aka transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
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| How many antiviral drugs are there | 19
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| How many anti HIV drugs | 8
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| How many anti herpes drugs | 6
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| How many chronic HBV drugs | 2
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| how many Influenza drugs | 1
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| How many RSV CCHF drugs | 1
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| how many HPV and chronic HCV drugs | 1
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