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Virology final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA Viruses | Parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae, poxviridae, hepadnaviridae |
| Single strand DNA viruses | parvoviridae |
| RNA viruses | picoraviridae, caliciviridae, reoviridae, togaviridae, flaviviridae, arenaviridae, coronaviridae, retroviridae, bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae |
| Double strand RNA Virus | reoviridae |
| segmented RNA viruses | reoviridae, arenaviridae, bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae |
| Diploid RNA viruses | Retroviridae |
| Circular DNA virus | papovaviridae and hepadnaviridae |
| DNA Icosahedral viruses | parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae |
| Complex DNA | |
| DNA Viruses | Parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae, poxviridae, hepadnaviridae |
| Single strand DNA viruses | parvoviridae |
| RNA viruses | picoraviridae, caliciviridae, reoviridae, togaviridae, flaviviridae, arenaviridae, coronaviridae, retroviridae, bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae |
| Double strand RNA Virus | reoviridae |
| segmented RNA viruses | reoviridae, arenaviridae, bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae |
| Diploid RNA viruses | Retroviridae |
| Circular DNA virus | papovaviridae and hepadnaviridae |
| DNA Icosahedral viruses | parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae |
| Complex DNA virus | poxviridae, hepadnaviridae |
| icosahedra RNA virus | picornaviridae, caliciviridae, reoviridae, togaviridae |
| Unknown or complex RNA virus | flaviviridae, arenaviridae, coronaviridae, retroviridae |
| Helical RNA viruses | bunyaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae |
| Vaccines developed before the discovery of viruses | smallpox and rabies |
| Who developed the smallpox vaccine | Edward jenner in 1798 and (jetsy 1774) |
| Who developed the rabies vaccine | Pasteur 1898 |
| Who defined viruses as the modern concept | Martinuse Beijerink (1898) |
| How do viruses reproduce | synthesis of compnent parts then assembly into progeny virions |
| Heterogeneous group of agents | vary in size, morphology, complexity, host range, and how they affect hosts |
| Largest virus | Pox virus |
| Smallest virus | poliovirus |
| Two technologies which advanced virology | cell culture and electron microscopy |
| What is cell culture | invitro culture of cells to use for virus propagation ATCC |
| How many cell lines are we familiar with | 3400 |
| When was ATCC established | 1925 |
| What is electron microscopy | visualization of viruses and their structure |
| Limit of resolution for electron microscope | 3 armstrongs |
| What was the original taxonomic classification of viruses based on? | structure |
| International congress of taxonomy of viruses | 1966 |
| How many families of viruses are there | 56 |
| Genera of viruses | 233 |
| Species of viruses | 1550 |
| How do viruses reproduce | synthesis of compnent parts then assembly into progeny virions |
| Heterogeneous group of agents | vary in size, morphology, complexity, host range, and how they affect hosts |
| Largest virus | Pox virus |
| Smallest virus | poliovirus |
| Two technologies which advanced virology | cell culture and electron microscopy |
| What is cell culture | invitro culture of cells to use for virus propagation ATCC |
| How many cell lines are we familiar with | 3400 |
| When was ATCC established | 1925 |
| What is electron microscopy | visualization of viruses and their structure |
| Limit of resolution for electron microscope | 3 armstrongs |
| What was the original taxonomic classification of viruses based on? | structure |
| International congress of taxonomy of viruses | 1966 |
| How many families of viruses are there | 56 |
| Genera of viruses | 233 |
| Species of viruses | 1550 |
| Where will inclusion bodies be seen with DNA viruses | Nucleus |
| Where will inclusion bodies be seen with RNA Viruses | Cytoplasm |
| What is the basic replication process of viruses | Attach, penetrate, replicate, release |
| What is a peplomer? | protein attached to virus envelop or capsule, which recognizes specific host |
| Three ways to propagate viruses? | animals, embryonate chicken eggs, cell cultures |
| Types of cell cultures | primary, diploid, established or continuous |
| What is a primary cell culture | prepared from fresh tissue, cannot be passaged |
| What is a diploid cell lines | can be passaged a limited amount of times |
| What is established or continuous cell line? | transformed, unlimited serial passage |
| Where are vaccines for the flu cultivated | chicken egg... |
| Why is a pH indicator put in cell cultures | to help determine when to add more nutrients and such |
| Why is aseptic technique so important in cell culture | the cells are very good for several cell types |
| what are the two basic cell types used in cell culture? | fiberoblastic and epithelia |
| How can you get cells to release from the flask? | trypsin |
| Where did the use of diploid lines begin? | manasas, virginia |
| CPE | Cytopathic effect |
| What could you expect in the CPE of herpes? | Cell fusion |
| What are four CPE types? | cell lysis, rounding or clumping of cells, cell fusion, inclusion bodies |
| Two types of Immunofluorescence | Direct and indirect |
| What is direct immunofluorescence | used to detect an antigen |
| what is indirect immunofluorescence | used to detect antibodie |
| where are viral antibodies located on the cell | the surface |
| what is normally used in immunofluorescence? | fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| What are three types of disease agents viruses can act as? | cytocidal infection, persistent infection, transformation |
| What does cytocidal mean | cell death and virus release and alterations in cell morphology (CPE) |
| What does persistent infection mean | cell remains viable and virus is released |
| What is a chronic persistent infection | virus is demonstrable and shed |
| What is a latent infection | virus is not demonstrable and shed intermittently |
| what does transformation mean | cell becomes malignant... |
| What does oncogenic mean | tumor producing |
| What does exanthems mean? | rash |
| What is caused by parvovirus B19 | erythema infectiosum and aplastic anemia |
| Bocavirus comes from what words | bovine an canine |
| What is caused by bocavirus | respiratory and gastroenteritis |
| What is 1st disease | rubeola-measles |
| 2nd disease | scarlet fever |
| 3rd disease | rubella |
| 4th disease | filatow-dukes |
| 5th disease | erythema infectiosum |
| 6th | roseola infantum |
| What is erythema infectiosum caused by | Parvovirus B19 |
| What is roseola infantum caused by | human herpesvirus 6 |
| Papillomavirus is what kind of virus | DNA |
| What does papillomavirus cause | verrucae |
| what is verrucae | warts |
| How many serotypes are there of the papillomavirus | 118 |
| how many papillomavirus serotypes are high risk for carcinoma | 15 |
| Adenoviruses were originally cultured from | lymphiod tissues (adnodes) |
| What type of virus is an adenovirus | DNA |
| How many serotypes of adenoviruses are there | 50 |
| What are the symptoms of an adenovirus | aute respiratory disease, gastroenteritis, |
| Herpesviruses are what kind of virus | DNA enveloped |
| HSV | Herpes simplex virus |
| HSV1 | stomatitis, encephalitis |
| HSV2 | genital |
| Varicella Zoster | VZ |
| Zoster | shingles |
| VZ | Chickenpox |
| Symptoms of VZ | repetic neuralgia-chronic pain due to zoster |
| Epstein-Barr virus | EB |
| EB causes | Mono, beker's lymphoma |
| EB can be latent in | lymphocytes |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
| CMV is seen in | congenital infections important to be avoided during pregnancy |
| HHV7 | transplant recipients |
| HHV8 | Kaposi sarcoma |
| Urotrophic means | likes nerves |
| Normal symptom with herpes viruses | vesicular lesions-like blisters |
| What can you use a Tzanck stain for | diagnostic for herpes |
| What would you expect to see in a tzanck stain of someone with herpes | cells clumped up and inner nuclear inclusions |
| What is a characteristic of cytomegalovirus under the microscope | OWL Eyes |
| Another name for variola | Smallpox |
| Variola belongs to what family of viruses | Poxviridae |
| How is variola transmited | respiratory route |
| What is the incubation period of variola | 12 days |
| What are symptoms are associated with variola | fever headache myalgia nausea vomitting and prostration |
| What can be expected three days into variola | pustular rash |
| What is the case fatality rate for variola | 20-60 |
| When was variola eradicated in the US | 1972 |
| Hepatitis B Agent? | HBV (hepadnavirus) |
| What kind of virus is HBV | DNA |
| How is HBV transmited? | Blood and body fluids |
| What are symptoms of HBV | jaundice (icterus) fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, intermittent nausea and vomitting |
| What was the previous name of HBV | Australian agent |
| How many HBV are asymptomatic | 50% |
| How man HBV go into chronic infection | 10% |
| When was the HBV vaccine created | 1982 |
| what is the sequelae involved in hbv | hepatic cirrhosis or carcinoma |
| Mimivirus has what symptoms | pneumonia |
| what is the acanthamoeba polyphaga associated with | mimivirus |
| what is the mimivirus known as? | mimicking microbe |
| Noticeable characteristics of the mimivirus? | unusually large size and unusual fibers |
| What is the mimivirus suspected to be? | the transistion form between bacteria and virus |
| Picornaviruses are what kind of virus | RNA |
| What virus can be found in the picornaviruses | poliovirus |
| how many serotypes are there in the poliovirus | 3 |
| Who developed the vaccines for polio | Saulk-killed virus and Savin-live attenuated |
| Notable picornaviruses? | coxsackie A and B, Echoviruses, enteroviruses, Rhinoviruses |
| Coxsacki A and B respectively have how many serotypes | 23 and 9 |
| What can be caused by coxsackie a and b | hand, foot, and mouth dz, conjunctivitis, myocarditis |
| Where did coxsakie get it's name | New York |
| What does Echo stand for? | enteric, cytopathic, human, orphan |
| Echoviruses have how many serotypes | 30 |
| what does echoviruses cause | childhood respiratory dz and enxephalomeningitis |
| Enteroviruses have how many serotypes? | 72 |
| Type 72 enteroviruses is known as | Hep A |
| Where is enteroviruses most common | little kids |
| Rhinoviruses how many serotypes | 100 |
| What does rhinoviruses cause | colds |
| What does arvovirus mean | arthropod borne |
| What type of virus is a reovirus | RNA |
| What is found in the reovirus family | rotaviruses |
| What is the rotaviruses symptoms | castroenteritis/diarrhea |
| Arvovirus is also known as | colorado tick fever |
| Rota means | Wheel |
| Rotavirus is the most common | cause for gastroenteritis in infants |
| What is found in the togaviruses | rubella (german measles) |
| What kind of virus is the Toga virus | RNA |
| What is TORCH screening? | a screen used in pregnancy to test for T-toxoplasma gondii R-Rubella C-cytomegalovirus H-herpes |
| Symptoms of rubella | rash |
| equine viruses what are they good for | can be transmited to humans... normally around the seaboard-eastern... |
| What causes yellow fever | flaviviruses |
| Flava means | yellow |
| Who created the yellow fever vaccine | walter reed |
| How is dengue fever transmitted | mosquitos |
| What does dengue fever cause | hemoragic disease |
| What is the agent for Hep C | HCV (flavivirus) |
| How is HCV transmitted | IV inchected |
| How many people are asymptomatic for HCV | 80 |
| How many people develop chronic infection from HCV | 75-85% |
| What kind of virus is west nile | flavivirus |
| how is west nile transmited | mosquitos (culex) |
| When did west nile first appear in us | 1999 |
| What are some members of the areanavirus group | Lassa Fever virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) |
| When did lassa fever hit the scene | 1970 |
| Where can LCM be found | in utero and IC peoples |
| how did Lassa fever get to the US | nurse from africa |
| HIV is what kind of virus | Retroviridae |
| Retroviridae is what kind of virus | RNA |
| What does HIV cause | AIDS |
| What do you see in HIV | CD4 increase and T cell decreased <200 |
| what normally kills patients with HIV | opportunistic infections (around 25) |
| What causes Hantavirus | Bunya virus |
| Another name for hantavirus | rift valley fever-from africa |
| what is another name of hantavirus in the four corners | sin nombre virus |
| How is hanta virus transmited | rodent borne (deer mice) |
| What does orthomyxoviruses cause | INFLUENZA |
| How many influenza viruses are there | Three a-c |
| What are the peplomers associated with influenza | H-hemagglutinin N-neuraminidase |
| What kind of genome does influenza have | segmented |
| H is used for what | infectivitiy |
| N if used for what | replication and releasing |
| How is influenza transmitted | aerolos |
| What is the incubation period of influenza | 1-4 days |
| What are the symptoms of influenza | fever, chills, myalgia, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, GI symptoms |
| What is dyspnea | dificulty breathing |
| what population is influenza most likely going effect the GI system | children |
| how many hospitalizations a year due to influenza | 200k with 36k deaths |
| HOw many H and how many Ns | 16 and 9 |
| What is drift | gradual minor changes in subtypes... seasonal variation |
| What is a shift | sudden major change in subtype.... epidemic |
| How often does a shift occur | around every 10 years... last year h1n1 |
| What are the types of influenza vaccine | inactivated and live attenuated (nasal spray) |
| What does trivalent mean | 2 a strains and 1 b strain |
| How are influenza's named | serotype/origin/strain designation/year of origin (subtype) |
| five complications of influenza | primary viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, reye's syndrom, myocarditis |
| What is caused by the paramyxoviruses | parainfluenza |
| what is associated with parainfluenza | mumps, measles, and respiratory syncytial virus |
| RSV affects who | newborns and young children |
| What family of viruses do you find rabies | Rhabdaviridae |
| How many cases of rabies a year | 30 since 1990 |
| what are the reservoirs for rabies | cats, dogs, bats, racoons, foxes, skunks, coyotes |
| only person to survive rabies | 15 y/o girl in wisconsin in 2004 |
| what is the milwaukee protocol | induced coma and amantadine (antivirual drug) |
| what would you expect to see under the microscope in rabies | negri bodies *eosinophillic intracytoplasmic inclusion in neurons of celebellum |
| Prions are | infectious proteins |
| What are two things caused by prions | creutzfeldt jakobs disease (CJD) aka transmissible spongiform encephalopathy |
| How many antiviral drugs are there | 19 |
| How many anti HIV drugs | 8 |
| How many anti herpes drugs | 6 |
| How many chronic HBV drugs | 2 |
| how many Influenza drugs | 1 |
| How many RSV CCHF drugs | 1 |
| how many HPV and chronic HCV drugs | 1 |
Created by:
jnwells03
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