Immune and Lymph System
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| Immunity | the ability of the body to reseist infection and disease by activation of specific defense mechanisms.
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| Nonspecific immunity | do not differentiate one type of threat from another.
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| Specific immunity | develope defense specifically against one particular type of threat.
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| Defenses present from birth that include physical barriers, phagocytic cells, immunologic surveillance, liberation of a variety of chemicals, imfalmmation, and fever is what type of immunity? | Nonspecific
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| Phagocytes | white blood cells that patrol the tissue
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| microphages serve as what line of defense? | "first line" of defense
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| Macrophages | Modified monocytes of the circulation that have wandered into the tissues.
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| Natural Killer cells is a form of what type of immunity? | nonspecific
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| What type of antigen is recognized by NK (natural killer) cells (type of lymphocyte)? | Any antigen that is foreign to the body
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| What type of cell recognizes ALL cells that look different? | NK cells or Natural Killer cells
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| Cytokines | Small proteins that inhibit or facilitate normal cell function, such as cell growth and differentiation.
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| Cytokines are secreted by cells such as what? | lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.
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| Non specific immunity include... | physical barriers, phagocytes, surveillance, chemicals, inflammation, fever
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| specific immunity include | innate, acquired - active and passive
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| 3 lymphocytes are | B cell, T cell and Natural Killer cell
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| What is a disease causing agent? | Pathogen
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| Second line of defense | phagocytes, NK cells, cytokines (interferons), enzymes
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| inflammation is what type of immunity? | non-specific immunity
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| The process in which white blood cells are attracted to dead/injured,foreign tissue | chemotaxis
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| interleukin 1 | Causes hypothalamus to raise body temperature
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| What lowers blood iron levels which bacteria and fungi require to live | Fever
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| Does a fever increase or decrease metabolic rate? | It increases metabolic rate for phagocytic cells to attack more vigorously.
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| Specific Defense has a resistance to what? | antigens
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| Antigen | any substance that provokes an immune response
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| Cell mediated immunity involves what type of lymphocytes which travel to the site of the infection and destroy the microbe? | T-helper lymphocytes
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| Humoral mediated immunity involves what type of lymphocytes that release antibodies into the bloodstream that travel to the site of infection? | B lymphoccytes
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| A hepatitis shot is an example of _________ | artificially acquired passive immunity
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| Bee sting, peanut allergy, etc. are what type of reaction? | anaphylactic
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| An antigen that triggers an immune response | Allergen
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| What type of allergic reaction may be due to unmatched blood? | type II
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| What type of allergen may be due to household chemicals? | IV
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| Is an artificially acquired passive immunity short or long term? | very short
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| Is a secondary immune response usually shorter or longer than a primary response? | Usually shorter because of memory cells
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| Is NON-Specific immunity present from birth? | Yes
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| Is a specific immunity present from birth? | No
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| Physical barriers include... | Skin, Hair, Cilia, Reflexes, Digestive tract (vomiting), tears, sweat, nasal secretions.
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| During fetal development, undifferentiated lymphocytes released by _____________. | Red bone marrow
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| What type of immunity has a direct contact between foreign agents and immune cells? | Cell metiated immunity
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| What do T lymphocytes (T cells) do? | They travel to infection site and destroy microbe. They destroy viruses already inside a cell.
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| What are the types of T cells? | Helper, memory, cytotoxic, suppressor
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| What do B lymphocytes do? | Release antibodies into the bloodstream, VERY specialized, Travel to infection site, bind to and destroy specific bacteria
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| Primary immune response | 1st exposure to an antigen. Plasma cells (B cells) make antibodies aka immunoglobulins. T and B "remember" invader. You get the sickness.
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| Secondary immune response | Memory cells react. Memory cells live a long time. Get slightly sick for a day or two.
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| Artificial | Vaccines
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| Natural | you get the disease
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| Acquired immunity - Active | Your BODY makes the antibodies itself when exposed to a foreign organism
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| Acquired immunity - Passive | Your body is GIVEN the antibodies
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| Is chicken pox Naturally acquired active immunity or Artificially acquired active immunity? | Naturally acquired active immunity
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| Artificially acquired active immunity | Vaccine (immunization) contains an antigen that produces a primary immune response but doesn’t produce such severe symptoms
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| Artificially acquired passive immunity | Antibodies injected, Example: Hepatitis shot, Tetanus
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| Naturally acquired passive immunity | Antibodies passed from mom to child during pregnancy. Passive: baby gets mom’s antibodies. Natural: not a vaccine
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| Anaphylaxis/Allergic Reactions | Severe type I reaction. Hives, Bronchioles constrict, face, tongue, throat swell. Insect bites.
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| Type III Hypersensitivity | Autoimmunity
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| Type IV - Cell mediated | Delayed reaction allergy. Cell-Mediated - Involves T lymphocytes. Chemical exposure (household, cosmetics). Dermatitis. Takes 48 hours.
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