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Immune and Lymph
Immune and Lymph System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Immunity | the ability of the body to reseist infection and disease by activation of specific defense mechanisms. |
| Nonspecific immunity | do not differentiate one type of threat from another. |
| Specific immunity | develope defense specifically against one particular type of threat. |
| Defenses present from birth that include physical barriers, phagocytic cells, immunologic surveillance, liberation of a variety of chemicals, imfalmmation, and fever is what type of immunity? | Nonspecific |
| Phagocytes | white blood cells that patrol the tissue |
| microphages serve as what line of defense? | "first line" of defense |
| Macrophages | Modified monocytes of the circulation that have wandered into the tissues. |
| Natural Killer cells is a form of what type of immunity? | nonspecific |
| What type of antigen is recognized by NK (natural killer) cells (type of lymphocyte)? | Any antigen that is foreign to the body |
| What type of cell recognizes ALL cells that look different? | NK cells or Natural Killer cells |
| Cytokines | Small proteins that inhibit or facilitate normal cell function, such as cell growth and differentiation. |
| Cytokines are secreted by cells such as what? | lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. |
| Non specific immunity include... | physical barriers, phagocytes, surveillance, chemicals, inflammation, fever |
| specific immunity include | innate, acquired - active and passive |
| 3 lymphocytes are | B cell, T cell and Natural Killer cell |
| What is a disease causing agent? | Pathogen |
| Second line of defense | phagocytes, NK cells, cytokines (interferons), enzymes |
| inflammation is what type of immunity? | non-specific immunity |
| The process in which white blood cells are attracted to dead/injured,foreign tissue | chemotaxis |
| interleukin 1 | Causes hypothalamus to raise body temperature |
| What lowers blood iron levels which bacteria and fungi require to live | Fever |
| Does a fever increase or decrease metabolic rate? | It increases metabolic rate for phagocytic cells to attack more vigorously. |
| Specific Defense has a resistance to what? | antigens |
| Antigen | any substance that provokes an immune response |
| Cell mediated immunity involves what type of lymphocytes which travel to the site of the infection and destroy the microbe? | T-helper lymphocytes |
| Humoral mediated immunity involves what type of lymphocytes that release antibodies into the bloodstream that travel to the site of infection? | B lymphoccytes |
| A hepatitis shot is an example of _________ | artificially acquired passive immunity |
| Bee sting, peanut allergy, etc. are what type of reaction? | anaphylactic |
| An antigen that triggers an immune response | Allergen |
| What type of allergic reaction may be due to unmatched blood? | type II |
| What type of allergen may be due to household chemicals? | IV |
| Is an artificially acquired passive immunity short or long term? | very short |
| Is a secondary immune response usually shorter or longer than a primary response? | Usually shorter because of memory cells |
| Is NON-Specific immunity present from birth? | Yes |
| Is a specific immunity present from birth? | No |
| Physical barriers include... | Skin, Hair, Cilia, Reflexes, Digestive tract (vomiting), tears, sweat, nasal secretions. |
| During fetal development, undifferentiated lymphocytes released by _____________. | Red bone marrow |
| What type of immunity has a direct contact between foreign agents and immune cells? | Cell metiated immunity |
| What do T lymphocytes (T cells) do? | They travel to infection site and destroy microbe. They destroy viruses already inside a cell. |
| What are the types of T cells? | Helper, memory, cytotoxic, suppressor |
| What do B lymphocytes do? | Release antibodies into the bloodstream, VERY specialized, Travel to infection site, bind to and destroy specific bacteria |
| Primary immune response | 1st exposure to an antigen. Plasma cells (B cells) make antibodies aka immunoglobulins. T and B "remember" invader. You get the sickness. |
| Secondary immune response | Memory cells react. Memory cells live a long time. Get slightly sick for a day or two. |
| Artificial | Vaccines |
| Natural | you get the disease |
| Acquired immunity - Active | Your BODY makes the antibodies itself when exposed to a foreign organism |
| Acquired immunity - Passive | Your body is GIVEN the antibodies |
| Is chicken pox Naturally acquired active immunity or Artificially acquired active immunity? | Naturally acquired active immunity |
| Artificially acquired active immunity | Vaccine (immunization) contains an antigen that produces a primary immune response but doesn’t produce such severe symptoms |
| Artificially acquired passive immunity | Antibodies injected, Example: Hepatitis shot, Tetanus |
| Naturally acquired passive immunity | Antibodies passed from mom to child during pregnancy. Passive: baby gets mom’s antibodies. Natural: not a vaccine |
| Anaphylaxis/Allergic Reactions | Severe type I reaction. Hives, Bronchioles constrict, face, tongue, throat swell. Insect bites. |
| Type III Hypersensitivity | Autoimmunity |
| Type IV - Cell mediated | Delayed reaction allergy. Cell-Mediated - Involves T lymphocytes. Chemical exposure (household, cosmetics). Dermatitis. Takes 48 hours. |
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BAC
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