Humn exam IV
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Define Caesarpapist | lead both the church and state including appointed high church offices
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| What is Islams basic creed/saying | "There is no God but Allah & Muhammad is his prophet"
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| What are the 5 pillars of the Islamic faith? | 1) confession
2) Prayer
3) Alms giving
4) fast of Ramadan
5) Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
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| Cyril & Methodius | 2 missionaries sent to Slavic peoples by Emperor Michael III & Russian embrace Greek Christianity development of Greek alphabet
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| Mecca | Islam's holiest city
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| Charles Martel | Frankish King who defeated Muslims at Tours effect stopped the spread of Islam to Europe
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| caliphs | meaning "successor to the prophet" given to Muslim rulers who combined political authority with religious power
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| jihad | Islamic holy war in which believers feel they have the authority to fight & defend the faith
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| hijra | Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 BC
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| syllabic | syllable allotted to each note
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| melismatic | each single syllable prolonged over many notes
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| narthex | vestibule entrance
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| nave | a centeral area for congregation to assemble
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| apse | framed the altar & provided seats for clergy, semicircular extended from interior space
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| transept | "arms" set at right angles to the nave & an area that functions as a 2nd nave
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| Beowulf | typical epic hero that he is biger than life superhuman character of cultural significance
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| Hrothgar | King of the Danes whose hall is attacked by Grendel
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| Hygelac | Beowulf's uncle King of Geatland earlier
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| Wiglaf | bravest warrior who helps Beowulf fight the Dragon
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| Unferth | Dane who taunts Beowulf then later lends him his sword, Hrunting, to fight Grendel's mother
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| Alciun of York | scholar attracted to the cour of Charlemagne & led in renewal of learning as well as attracting other scholars to the court.
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| trivium | grammar, rhetoric, & logic
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| quadrivium | arithmetic, music, geometry, astronomy
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| trivium & quadrivium make up.... | the curriculum for medieval universities. these they saw these subjects as the patterns by which organized the world.
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| common law | unwritten traditional practice rather than some form of legislation
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| statutory law | law that results from some form of legislation & hence becomes recorded
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| Cluny | monestary that had the Cluniac Reform which included persuading Duke William to write a charter putting them under the direct subordinate to the pope thus no civil authority
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| Treaty of Verdun | divided Charlemagne's empire among his 3 grandsons-Charles the Bald, Lothair I, & Louis the German-immediately starting a civil war
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| What are the main principles in Germain law? | compurgation, ordeal, wergeld
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| compurgation | 12 honorable men would be given to testify to the good character of the accused w/out consideration to the charges. similar to modern juriprudence
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| ordeal | accused given opportunity to test his innocence w/ extraordinary act like picking up a hot iron if no significant burn sign of innocence
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| wergeld | * most important for regulation in violence *
system of compensation based on the worth of a man hence meaning "wergeld"="man gold"
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| missi dominici | traveling agents who represented the emperor in various territories. they reinforced his presence and power."envoys of the lord (ruler)"
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| hierarchy | in both feudal society & the medieval church it describes the structured system of rank of one person above or below another
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| fief | in the feudal system the portion--usually land--given by the lords to vassals to provide for their maintenance in return for their service
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| Liege Lord | in feudal system a lord who has many vassals but owes allegiance to no one
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| vassal | a noble who binds himself to his lord in return for maintenance also in the feudal system
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| commune | a medieval or early modern town
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| Roger Bacon | he & his teacher, Grossetestes, developed an early form of the scientific method by emphasizing the vale of experimentation over pure logic. one contribution was optics when he discovered to make glasses by grinding lenses.
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| Hanseatic League | in the late 13th century many cities in Northern Germany created this association that united to capitalize on the prosperous northern trade
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| Hildegard of Bingen | a medieval abbess & mystic who is remembered for her writings on woman's health & medicine & for her sublime music
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| witengemot | nobles in capacity as advisers formed a council called this
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| guild | like modern day unions. craftsmen who banded together to protect the interests of their particular crafts. might set standards of quality, prices, & system of training new works.
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| Averroes (Latin name= Ahmad Ibn Rushd) | a Muslim scholar who did extensive studies & writing on Aristotle
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| Maimonides | Jewish scholar who did extensive studies & writing on Aristotle
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| Eleanor of Aquitaine | 1st married to the King of France & later married to England's Henry II, brought her considerable holdings in France under English control
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| Battle of Hastings | Norman king, William, defeated the Anglo-Saxson king, Harold Godwinson
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| King John | youngest brother of Richard the Lion Hearted and who became King & Richards death. His misrule led to his being forced to sign the Magna Carta
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| the reconquest | of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule
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| Santiago de Compostela | St James of the Starry Field is the pilgrim church supposedly containing the bones of James the Elder
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| Otto I | took the title emperor in his effort to restor the Carolingian empire. As a successful warrior & one who fostered learning in his court, he did resemble Charlemagne. Received the crown of Roman emperor from Pop John XII
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| Frederick I Barbarossa | came close to establishing a consolidated German empire, but once again we have a case of where incessant wars drained the wealth of the kingdom
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| Fredrick II | effectively ended any chance of a unified German monarchy because of his fascination for the complex culture of Sicily rather than ruling Germany
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| Estates General | representative body created by Philip IV. representatives from those who prayed, fought, & worked,met separately hence 3 bodies
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| jongleur | a minstrel or singing actor
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| chanson de geste | song of deeds such as the Song of Roland a action story in poetic form from tales
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| troubadour | French musicians of noble lineage who composed & sang secular songs
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| minnesinger | German equivalent of a jongleur. "minne" German for love
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| mysticism | symbolism
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| Geats | people from S Sweden & who Beowulf belongs
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| Danes | Christians who Beowulf rescues
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| Heorot | mead hall of the Danish King that stood empty for 12yrs because of Grendel
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| Cluny | located in France & was the site of Cluny Abbey that developed into a major cultural center
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| Bay | rectangular space that has been vaulted by intersecting arches
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| Ribboned barrel vault | intersection of 2 or 3 barrel vaults produces a ribbed vault when they are edged with a armature of piped masonry
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| archivolt | molding that frames an arch such as tympanum
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| scriptorium | medieval monastery the work room for copying & illuminating manuscripts
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| illuminated manuscripts | pg of book or manuscripts that has been highly decorated with designs & pics
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| ambulatory | covered passage for walking found around the apse of a church
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| Nicholas II | 1st pope condemned layinvestiture defined the prinicples of the pope
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| lay investiture | popes disapproved of a lay person giving a churchmen the symbols of spiritual offices because it appeared that the ruler was the source of spiritual authority
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| Concordat of Worms (pronounced Vorms cuz German) | a compromise in investiture controversy by Henry V pope acknowledged as having authority to present how bishops with symbol of office
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| Thomas Becket | wanted to preserve the church's right to be exempt from legal authority
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| mendicant orders | members of a religious order such as Dominicans & Franciscans who wandereded from city to city begging for alms rather than residing in a monastery
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| Inocent III | pope who exert leadership over princes of Europe
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| 4th Laterman Council | met in 1215 identified the 7 sacraments & reaffirmed their essential role in reaching salvation/heaven
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| Urban II | pope called people to the Holy Land
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| Inquisition | religious court establish in 13th century to root out heresy by questioning
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| Saladin | hated the templars, Muslim leader who led recapture of Jerusalem & had a humane attitude to inhabitants that crusaders before
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| Knights Templar (a must know Dr. Wetzel said it be a good 4pointer just fyi) | followed monastic rules and serving God by fighting Muslims by guarding the Holy Land. they also served as bankers for those who were traveling to the Holy Land then their power grew too strong
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| 7 Sacraments | 1) Baptism (@ birth because of original sin)
2) Eucharist (communion)
3) confirmation
4) confession (absolution)
5) marriage
6) ordination (become Priest)
7) extreme unction
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