MICROBIOLOGY
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| show | *BACTERIA PROTISTA FUNGI *VIRUSES
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| 1400 - 1600’S | show 🗑
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| show | 1665 : DESCRIBED FIRST CELLS USING CRUDE MICROSCOPE. CREDITED WITH THE “CELL THEORY”, WHICH ESSENTIALLY STATES THAT CELLS ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL BASIS FOR LIFE.
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| show | 1674 : FIRST TO OBSERVE MICROBES HE TERMED “ANIMALCULES”, IN RAIN WATER AND FROM TOOTH SCRAPINGS USING MAGNIFYING LENSES AND EVENTUALLY A SINGLE-LENS MICROSCOPE
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| ORIGINS OF LIFE: CONTROVERSY | show 🗑
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| SPONTANEOUS GENERATION: | show 🗑
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| show | 1668 WAS AN OPPONENT OF THE SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY AND DEVISED AN EXPERIMENT TO PROVE HIS CASE. HE, AMONG OTHERS, BELIEVED THAT LIFE COULD ONLY ARISE FROM OTHER LIFE, “LIFE BEGETS LIFE”. HIS EXPERIMENT
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| show | THREE JARS CONTAINING MEAT WERE LEFT OPEN: MAGGOTS APPEARED THREE SEALED JARS CONTAINING MEAT: NO MAGGOTS
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| show | SPONTANEOUS GENERATION PEOPLE INVALIDATED THE EXPERIMENT POINTING TO THE FACT THAT BY SEALING THE SECOND JAR, AIR COULD NOT ENTER. REDI SAID FINE AND SET UP A THIRD JAR WITH ONLY A PIECE OF GAUZE ON TOP THREE JARS WITH MEAT AND A PIECE OF GAUZE ON TOP
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| JOHN NEEDHAM | show 🗑
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| show | 1765 HE WAS AN OPPONENT OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION. HE REVISED NEEDHAM’S EXPERIMENT SLIGHTLY BY SIMPLY SEALING THE FLASK BEFORE HEATING AND HE DID NOT POUR THE BROTH INTO A BEAKER SEALED OR OTHERWISE. NO MICROBES WERE PRESENT IN THE BROTH.
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| show | 1857-1914 THIS PERIOD WAS MARKED BY RAPID ADVANCES IN THE FIELD OF MICROBIOLOGY AS THE QUALITY OF MICROSCOPES AND MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES IMPROVED. HOWEVER, THE QUESTION AS TO THE ORIGIN OF LIFE STILL REMAINED UNSETTLED.
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| show | 1857 COINED THE TERM BIOGENESIS, WHICH STATES THAT “LIFE MAY ONLY ARISE FROM PREEXISTING LIVING CELLS”. NOW THE “OPPONENTS” OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION HAD A REAL NAME TO GO BY.
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| show | 1861 HE DECIDED TO SETTLE THE ISSUE ONCE AND FOR ALL AND DEVISED WHAT CAME TO BE KNOWN AS THE “GOOSENECK FLASK
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| show | AT THIS POINT, PASTEUR WAS CREATING QUITE A NAME FOR HIMSELF AND WAS CALLED IN TO “SAVE” THE FRENCH WINE INDUSTRY WHICH WAS A SIGNIFICANT COMPONENT OF THE FRENCH ECONOMY
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| show | DIFFERNET TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS. SOME OF THEM ARE FUNGI (NOT BACTERIA), SPECIFICALLY YEAST. THE YEAST HAVE THE ABILITY TO CONVERT SUGAR TO ALCOHOL ANAEROBICALLY THROUGH A PROCESS TERMED FERMENTATION.
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| show | THAT OTHER MICROBES KNOWN AS BACTERIA CONVERT ALCOHOL TO ACETIC ACID (VINEGAR) AEROBICALLY. THIS TYPE OF FERMENTATION WAS RUINING THEIR BEER AND WINE.
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| PASTEUR SOLVED THE PROBLEM | show 🗑
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| GERM THEORY | show 🗑
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| BASSI | show 🗑
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| 1865 – PASTEUR | show 🗑
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| LISTER | show 🗑
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| LISTER ASEPTIC SURGERY | show 🗑
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| ROBERT KOCH | show 🗑
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| show | SICK ANIMALS TAKES SAMPLES. BLOOD SAMPLES FROM THE SICK ANIMALS AND SEPARTED THE BACTERIA INTO PURE CULTURES. HE INTRODUCED THE PURE CULTURES INTO HEALTHY ANIMALS UNTIL HE WAS ABLE TO PRODUCE THE DISEASE
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| show | KOCH WAS THE FIRST TO LINK A SPECIFIC BACTERIA TO A SPECIFIC DISEASE NOW KNOWN AS ANTHRAX, WHICH IS CAUSED BY Bacillus anthracis.
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| KOCH’S POSTULATES: 1 2 | show 🗑
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| KOCH’S POSTULATES: 3 4 | show 🗑
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| JENNER | show 🗑
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| JENNER THE FATHER OF | show 🗑
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| OTHERS, INCLUDING THE “LADY MONTAGUE” OF TURKEY WERE DOING THE SAME THING, BUT FOR WHATEVER REASON, JENNER IS CREDITED AS THE “FATHER” OF VACCCINES, (VACCA = COW) | show 🗑
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| show | PASTEUR REASONED THAT THE ORIGINAL (GERIATRIC) BACTERIA HAD BECOME ATTENUATED, OR HAD LOST THEIR ABILITY TO PRODUCE DISEASE BUT STIMULATED AN IMMUNE RESPONSE THUS PROTECTING THE ORIGINAL GROUP OF CHICKENS
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| show | 1910 PROPOSED THE IDEA OF A “MAGIC BULLETT”, A SUBSTANCE WHICH WHEN GIVEN TO ILL PATIENTS WOULD SPEED THROUGH THEIR BODIES AND KILL ALL THAT AILED THEM. HE EXPERIMENTED WITH A DERIVATIVE OF ARSENIC CALLED SALVARSAN WHICH HE USED TO TREAT SYPHILIS WITH V
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| show | SULFA DRUGS WERE DEVELOPED AND EMPLOYED SUCCESSFULLY PRIMARILY AGAINST URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.
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| ALEXANDER FLEMING: | show 🗑
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| ALEXANDER FLEMING | show 🗑
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| The three common features are the cell | show 🗑
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| show | The cells of all living organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell membrane is a thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cells contents from its environment
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| The cell membrane functions like | show 🗑
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| Membranes are made up of | show 🗑
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| A phospholipid is a lipid made from | show 🗑
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| show | The material between the nucleus and the membrane is the cytoplasm.
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| show | is a semi fluid substance made primarily of water and organic compounds. Various structures called organelles or “little organs,” are suspended in the cytoplasm.
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| The Nucleus | show 🗑
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| Most of the cells genetic material is kept in | show 🗑
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| show | nucleic acid in the chromosome carries the genetic information.
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| show | help make proteins
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| show | prokaryotes eukaryotes
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| prokaryotes | show 🗑
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| show | Organisms that have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane are called eukaryotes
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| Bacteria and their relatives are | show 🗑
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| all other organisms, including plants and animals are | show 🗑
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| Prokaryotes lack | show 🗑
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| Cells function like little | show 🗑
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| In many ways organelles are like | show 🗑
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| Mitochondria- | show 🗑
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| show | Contain digestive enzymes that help break down large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Lysosomes also digest old organelles that are no longer useful to the cell.
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| show | endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transports substances within the cell. There is rough and smooth ER. Rough ER has ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis. Smooth ER makes lipids, processes carbohydrates and modifies chemicals that are toxic to cells
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| show | These organelles are small particles composed chiefly of ribosomal-RNA and are the sites of protein synthesis. Groups of ribosomes function like an assemble line helping make proteins from amino acids
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| show | Is a series of flat membrane-bound sacs where molecules are sorted often modified, packaged and distributed to their destination
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| show | These are hair like projections that usually occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells. Ciliates show coordinated beating movements, which are the major means of locomotion and ingestion, in unicellular organisms
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| show | Are long, Tail-like projections. Organisms only have one flagellum. In eukaryotes the flagella has a whip like motion. In prokaryotes flagella spin like propellers.
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| Cellulose is gives cell walls | show 🗑
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| show | An organelle is a Cell Component that PERFORMS SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS FOR THE CELL. 3. Just as the organs of a multicellular organism carry out the organism's life functions, the Organelles of a cell Maintain the Life of the Cell.
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| PLASMA MEMBRANE | show 🗑
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| CYTOPLASM | show 🗑
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| show | ORGANELLES ARE STRUCTURES THAT WORK LIKE MINIATURE ORGANS, THEY CARRY OUT SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS IN THE CELL. 6. The ORGANELLES PLUS THE CYTOSOL makes up the CYTOPLASM.
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| In Eukaryotic Cells, most Organelles are surrounded by a | show 🗑
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| show | MEMBRANE
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| show | is the NUCLEUS. IT CONTAINS THE CELL'S GENETIC INFORMATION AND CONTROLS THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CELL. 2. The PRESENCE OR ABSENCE of a NUCLEUS is important for Classifying Cells
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| show | EUKARYOTES
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| B. ORGANISMS WHOSE CELLS NEVER CONTAIN (OR LACK) A NUCLEUS AND OTHER MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES ARE CALLED | show 🗑
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| UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS such as bacteria and their relatives are | show 🗑
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| organisms that are Eukaryotes | show 🗑
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| show | A Colonial Organism is a collection of Genetically Identical Cells that live together in a closely connected Group. Colonial organisms are Not truly multicellular Because few cell activities are coordinated
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| TRUE MULTICELLULAR 3 | show 🗑
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Created by:
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