Communication Disorders
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| Speech Disorder | Either a difficulty producing sounds or difficulty having proper voice quality or fluency of speech.
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| Language Disorder | Problems understanding, receiving, and comprehending information.
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| Cleft palate or Cleft Lip | A condition in which a person has a deep slit in the upper oral cavity or upper lip.
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| Dialect | Variation of language that reflects shared regional, social and ethnic factors.
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| Larynx | Voice box.
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| Pharynx | Space from the nasal cavities to the esophagus.
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| Articulation | Sequenced sounds created by a person specialized to individual words. Children with articulation disorders cannot successfully combine or execute these sounds.
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| Apraxia of Speech | A motor speech disorder in which a person plans to physically make speech but is inhibited in some way. This is often the result of a stroke, tumor, or head trauma, but can also be because of poor development.
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| Resonance | Determined by the space of the throat, mouth, and nose, this is the perceived quality of someone's voice.
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| Hyponasality | Air can only pass through the mouth and not through the nose.
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| Hypernasality | Sounds can only pass through the nasal cavity on sounds other than "m", "n", and "ng."
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| Fluency Disorders | Typically seen as interruptions in the flow of speech. A person with this disorder may speak at an abnormal rate or unnecessarily repeat syllables, words, and phrases.
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| Stuttering | The repetition or prolongation of a sound or word.
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| Phonology | The use of sounds to create meaningful syllables (i.e. words). Students with phonology disabilities may have problems discerning between sounds segments that signifies uniqueness of words.
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| Morphology | A system that determines the structure of words. A person with a disorder that inhibits their morphology often has trouble switching between tenses correctly.
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| Syntax | Rules of a language governing how words form sentences. Those with syntax disorders struggle with ordering information in a way that makes sense within a sentence.
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| Semantics | The meaning of what is said. This develops as a child's vocabulary grows.
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| Pragmatics | The use of communication as context. Non-verbal communication can be labeled under this, as well as simple verbalizations. This can also be characterized by communication between speaker and listener.
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| Social Interaction Theories | A belief that communication skills can be learned through various social interactions.
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| Specific Language Impairment | An impairment not related to any other physical or learning disability.
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| Organic Disorders | Disorders caused by neuromuscular mechanics in a person.
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| Functional Disorders | Disorders with no identifiable organic causes.
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| Bidialectal | One who uses two variations of a same language.
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