Chapters 1-6 and Handouts
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| show | Very common disorder affecting approx. 1 out of every 100 people.
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| show | 2 million
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| How long as schizophrenia probably existed? | show 🗑
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| What are some symptoms of schizophrenia? | show 🗑
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| What type of disorder is schizophrenia referred to as? | show 🗑
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| show | A psychotic disorder...yet psychosis may be present only for some period during the course of the disease, not as a chronic condition.
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| show | split personality, bad parenting, drug experimentation, lack of motivation, rising incidence, institutionalization & disability, low intelligence, danger & violent
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| show | NO! It is not a personality disorder...bipolar is a personality disorder.
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| Is schizophrenia a product of bad parenting? | show 🗑
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| Is schizophrenia caused by drug experimentation? | show 🗑
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| Is schizophrenia caused by a lack of motivaion? | show 🗑
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| show | NO! Because of out stressful society - people w/schizophrenia may be more seriously diabled by condition.
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| show | NO! Schizophrenic individuals do not always live in institutions and are not always profoundly disabled. Most live w/families, in residential care facilities in the the community, or independently. Can be disabling but is highly variable.
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| Does a schizophrenic person have low intelligence? | show 🗑
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| show | Poor obstruction, judgement, and processing time. These can be misunderstood as low intelligence.
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| Are all schizophrenic people dangerous and violent? | show 🗑
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| show | Constantly changing. Thought to have some level of organic involvement. Possible predisposition is hereditary. COMBINATION!!!
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| What may play a role in the onset of episodes of schizophrenia and the severity of the disorder? | show 🗑
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| What are some of the brain structure anomalies discovered in schizophrenic people? | show 🗑
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| What is the significance of schizophrenia and the neurotransmitter dopamine? | show 🗑
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| Role of viruses and schizophrenia: | show 🗑
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| show | Low birth weight, advanced paternal age a the time of birth of the offspring. Foods: fish oil and fatty acids.
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| Common age onset of schizophrenia: | show 🗑
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| What is the criticism about schizophrenia? | show 🗑
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| show | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revised
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| 2 ways to classify schizophrenia: | show 🗑
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| show | A. Characteristic Symptoms B. Social/occupational dysfunction C. Some signs of the disorder must be continuously present for at least six months.
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| DSM-IV-TR Minimum Criteria: A. Characteristic Symptoms - 2 or more of the following, each present for a significant protion of time during a one-month period | show 🗑
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| show | For a significant protion of the time since the onset of the disturbance
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| Positive Symptomatology: Type 1 | show 🗑
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| show | Bizarre speech, echolalia, incoherency, pressured speech, motor responses (pacing, rocking, restlessness & lethargy), disturbance is sleep patterns
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| Positive Symptomatology: Delusions | show 🗑
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| show | Most common & Hallmark symptom Auditory are most common presentation
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| show | presence of negative symptoms cognitive deficits and poor ability to manage environmental stimuli decrease ability to cope with hallucinations.
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| show | Affective flattening or blunting, Alogia, Avolition, Anhedonia, Inattention
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| What is limited ability to express emotions and feelings? | show 🗑
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| show | Alogia
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| What is the lack of interest or engergy unaccompanied by depressed affect? | show 🗑
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| show | Anhedonia
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| show | Inattention
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| What is decreased enjoyment? | show 🗑
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| show | Anhedonia
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| show | Bc the occupational therapy emphasis is on activities of self-care, work, and leisure.
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| show |
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| Tx formats for schizophrenia: | show 🗑
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| show | Provide habit training, diversion, coping skills, time management training. Potential for leisure skill development. May also build sef-esteem through successful completion.
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| show | Nonverbal Communication Emotional and creative outlets, Potential for leisure skill development May also build self-esteem through successful completion
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| show | May include basic self-care hygiene, grooming, dressing. Includes independent living skill (IADL'S) - Meal prep. and money management
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| show | Can be used to teach living skills. Also used for teaching symptom management. Teach health and safety awareness, assertive training.
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| Tx formats: Socail Skills Training | show 🗑
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| Tx formats: Vocational Training | show 🗑
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| show | Psychotropic
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| What is a significant impairment of reality testing and daily functioning due to presence of positive symptoms? | show 🗑
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| show | Prognosis
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| Schizophrenia is a serious and persistant mental illness... | show 🗑
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| show | Cultural and environmental influences.
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| Severity and clinical presentation are also partially determined by... | show 🗑
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| show | Women; less severe
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| show | Early
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| How long would it take for someone to possibly have a natural remission? | show 🗑
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| show | Team of physicians working together.
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| show | Have to be hospitalized. Typical hospitalization stays have shortened considerably over the last decade - usually only occurs if individual is having a severe psychotic episode.
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| show | Provide thorough evaluation and stabilization w/meds.
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| Interdisciplinary Tx: Goal of Acute Hospitalization | show 🗑
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| Schizophrenia Tx should include: | show 🗑
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| show | Should involve individual along w/family and significant others if patient gives consent. Cooperative goal setting can also be hampered by individauls pathology (symptoms)
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| show | People with delusions, poor insight, concrete thinking, avolition
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| Realistic Goals: | show 🗑
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| show | But every effort should be made to seek out and honor his expressed interest/desires even if they conflict w/team.
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| Client-centered OT: | show 🗑
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| Client-centered OT: | show 🗑
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| show | Often misunderstood. Does not cure schizophrenia. Typically decreases symptoms.
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| show | Primary benefit is to stabilize the individuals sufficiently so that he or she may benefit from other tx. Side effects do occur and #1 reason clients are noncompliant.
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| Psychotropic Medication: Drug Trials and Noncompliance | show 🗑
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| How do you minimize non-compliance? | show 🗑
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| OT Intervention: Treatment | show 🗑
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| Activities for Positive Symptoms: | show 🗑
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| show | Need highly structured activities w/concrete operations and espectations and goals. Less creativity. Specific Skill Training good for n. symptoms. Many need ongoing support to utilize skills.
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| show | Allens Cognitive Levels Test, Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, Adult Sensory Profile, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
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| What is the diagram that looks like a grotesque little man? | show 🗑
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| show | "little man"
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| show | Homunculus
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| show | Model of Human Occupation
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| MOHO | show 🗑
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| show | Occupational Behavior Theory
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| show | Gary Kielhofner - synthesized occupational behavior theory concepts in to practice model
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| MOHO model includes: | show 🗑
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| Activites in the MOHO model are all carried out by individuals... | show 🗑
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| show | which provides input. Input produces a behavior called output. The person sees the results of their actions, these results are calle feedback.
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| show | External Environment (ex. Chef)
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| show | A lack of objects or too many objects can lead to psychosocial dysfunction. Must find a balance.
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| show | Volition, Habituation, Mind-Brain-Body Performance
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| Volition: | show 🗑
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| show | Personal Causation, Values, Interest
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| show | Personal Causation
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| convictions people have that help assign standards to performance. Usually a sense of obligation... | show 🗑
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| show | Interest
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| show | Many mentally ill pt. see themselves as helpless and under control of external forces. We must help them to believe that they have control over their lives and to believe that they have skills needed to overcome external forces.
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| Habituation: | show 🗑
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| show | Habits Inernalized Roles (teacher, spouse)
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| Habits and inernalized roles that have to do with they typical way in which one performs a particular occupation, how the performance or occupations is organized into a typical day and the style the person puts into occpuations. | show 🗑
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| Habituation: Interests to the OT | show 🗑
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| show | but a cause as well.
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| An ex of role dysfunction: | show 🗑
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| Role dysfunction: | show 🗑
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| show | extremely rigid or lacking any consistency from day to day. Either negatively impacts roles.
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| Mind-Brain-Body Performance | show 🗑
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| Mind-Brain-Body Performance: | show 🗑
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| show | can be obvious or very subtle.
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| show | However when it comes to solve problems they are unable to sequence tasks appropriately to meet a goal and have trouble anticipating consequences of their actions.
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| Schizophrenia pt. when observed have obvious deficits in communication/interaction, process and perceptual motor skills... | show 🗑
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| show | Organic causes may slow movement in psychomotor retardation and we will see depression bc of the retardation and then the movement will become slower bringng on more depression.
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| show | Time will probably inhibit us to fully explore the extent of the dysfunction.
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