Sociology Chapter 6
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| Authority | Socially approved use of power.
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| Group-Cooperation | An associative process that occurs when two or more individuals work together to accomplish a common goal.
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| Social aggregate | People who happen to be at the same place at the same time.
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| Primary group | People who are emotionally close and know each other well.
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| Social exchange | An exchange where two people reciprocate costs and rewards.
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| Social category | People that share a social characteristic.
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| Reference group | A group an individual uses as a standard for evaluating their own behaviors, attitudes, and values, even if they are not a member of that group
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| Social network | Web of social relationships that join relationships to other people.
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| Conflict | Interaction that is aimed at defeating an opponent.
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| What are the functions of a reference group? | Group whose norms and values are used to guide behavior; group whom you identify with.
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| What is the difference between primary and secondary groups? | Primary groups are small, close-knit, and characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face interactions and emotional bonds, while secondary groups are larger, more impersonal, and focused on achieving a specific goal or purpose.
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| What are the characteristics of members of a group? | At least two people who share one or more goals, who feel similar ways, in regular contract, and take each others behaviors into account.
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| What is the ‘iron law of oligarchy’? | A The principle of organizational life under which even a democratic organization will eventually develop into a bureaucracy ruled by a few individuals.
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| Be able to recognize examples of coercion/conflict/conformity/cooperation | Coercion:One person has more power than the other. Prison guard making a prisoner do something.Conflict: Work vs. family demandsConformity:Everyone else is doing it. Following a group because they do something.Cooperation:Sports:Team members working toge
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| In-groups and out-groups, how do they relate to each other? |
In- group members have positive views of each other, and give each member preferential treatment. An out-group consists of anyone who does not belong to your group. Out-groups are viewed more negatively, and receive inferior treatment in comparison to t
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| What is it called when people conform to social pressure and refuse to express their concerns? | groupthink" or compliance
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| recognize/differentiate primary and secondary relationships | Primary relationships are characterized by intimacy, emotional connection, and long-lasting bonds, often found in close-knit groups like family and friends, while secondary relationships are more impersonal, goal-oriented, and temporary, like those with c
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| Do members of a social aggregate always have the same social statuses? | Might be on the same baseball team but don’t have the same goals.
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| Why do secondary groups form, what is their purpose? | To achieve a goal
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| Do social networks form very clear group boundaries, or do they usually overlap? | Yes, they usually overlap. Because people have many different interests meaning they are part of differ social groups that overlap.
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| How do bureaucracies protect people? | Bureaucracies protect people by establishing systems for **fairness, efficiency, and accountability through formalized rules, job specialization, and hierarchical structures,
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